eq dz of head and neck

Question 1

what is an atheroma

Answer 1

intrademal cysts - vibrates during breathing and make high pitched sound

Question 2

what structures separate the R+L nares/nasal cav

Answer 2

nasal septum

vomer bone

Question 3

using an endoscope, what meatus is indicated by a ‘mercedes’ like shape

Answer 3

middle

Question 4

when naso-gastric tubing - whhich meatus should you pass it down

Answer 4

ventral - biggest, no cribriform plate to smash or any turbinates

Question 5

what are the signs of sinus disease (nasal and paranasall)

Answer 5

nasal d/c
halitosis
abn resp noises
facial distortion
shaking
dypnoea

Question 6

ethmoid haematomas are non-neoplastic masses, so why then is it of concern

Answer 6

• block air flow

- can invade into cribriform plate and the brain ultimately

Question 7

what are the signs seen in ehtmoid haematomas

Answer 7

• smelly
• resp noises
• intermittent and maild epistaxis

Question 8

what tx is for ethmoid haematoma

Answer 8

• inj formalin into it
• laser
  dont’ chop as will bleeedddd

Question 9

what condition of the nose indicates use of nystatin topically

Answer 9

fungal rhinitis - after all the fungal plaques have been removed

Question 10

name the 7 paranasal sinuses

Answer 10

rostral max
cd max
sphenopalatine
v conchal
d conchal
frontal
ehtmoid

Question 11

what is wry nose caused by

Answer 11

congenital shortening of max, nasal and vomer bones

Question 12

describe the drainage of hte p-n sinues

Answer 12

RMS, CMS + VC drain directly to midd meatus via nas-maxillary aperture. the others need to drain VIA the CMS

Question 13

why is the apeture of the..nasomax aperture impt

Answer 13

easily blocked with any swelling, hence trauma can lead to sinusitits

Question 14

what are the 2 types of sinusitis

Answer 14

1ry - from prev resp infection (strep+)

2ry - dental dz most commonly

Question 15

what radiographical sign indicates sinusitis

Answer 15

horizontal line in sinnus cavilty indicate fluid

Question 16

if you suspect 1ry sinusitis, what is a general protocol to follow re tx and management

Answer 16

• rule out strangles
• abx for 1-2wks (TMS)
• ground feed (drainage)
• dust free and turnout lots
  if dont respond = sinuscopy and lavage

Question 17

where is the most common p-n sinus to see chondroids

Answer 17

ventral conchal sinus

Question 18

what are the 2 surgical approaches to the p-nasal sinuses

Answer 18

trephine

bone flap = better access

Question 19

why is it better to perform p-n sx just under standing sedation

Answer 19

less bleeding
less oedema
no risk of GA
GA only if v fractious patients

Question 20

where would you access the CMS

Answer 20

cd 4 x cheek teeth (08-11)

Question 21

where would you access the frontal sinus in a horse

Answer 21

top margin in bw eyes, down midline

Question 22

other than dental dz what other causes of 2ry sinusitis are there

Answer 22

neoplasia
facial fracture
granulomatous lesions

Question 23

why is it significant that the VC and DV sinuses have ‘bullae’

Answer 23

they dont communicate with sinus at all
cause of failed tx
remove them and then everythig will drain
they are R t the p-n sinus

Question 24

what are the common dx tools used in sinus dz diagnosis

Answer 24

• xray
• endoscopy
• sinoscopy
• u/s
• CT
• flushing

Question 25

when are paranasal sinus cysts mostly seen and what do you do about them

Answer 25

young horses
grows and distorts face so needs removing
if take a sample - very orange (almost dx)

Question 26

why are sinus cysts important to ID and remove ASAP

Answer 26

destroy bone =becomes very thin and fragile

Question 27

what is suturitits?

Answer 27

periostitis bw frontal and nasal bone suture lines. will regress with time
non painful and bilateral