eq dz of head and neck Flashcards
what is an atheroma
intrademal cysts - vibrates during breathing and make high pitched sound
what structures separate the R+L nares/nasal cav
nasal septum
vomer bone
using an endoscope, what meatus is indicated by a ‘mercedes’ like shape
middle
when naso-gastric tubing - whhich meatus should you pass it down
ventral - biggest, no cribriform plate to smash or any turbinates
what are the signs of sinus disease (nasal and paranasall)
nasal d/c halitosis abn resp noises facial distortion shaking dypnoea
ethmoid haematomas are non-neoplastic masses, so why then is it of concern
- block air flow
- can invade into cribriform plate and the brain ultimately
what are the signs seen in ehtmoid haematomas
- smelly
- resp noises
- intermittent and maild epistaxis
what tx is for ethmoid haematoma
- inj formalin into it
- laser
dont’ chop as will bleeedddd
what condition of the nose indicates use of nystatin topically
fungal rhinitis - after all the fungal plaques have been removed
name the 7 paranasal sinuses
rostral max cd max sphenopalatine v conchal d conchal frontal ehtmoid
what is wry nose caused by
congenital shortening of max, nasal and vomer bones
describe the drainage of hte p-n sinues
RMS, CMS + VC drain directly to midd meatus via nas-maxillary aperture. the others need to drain VIA the CMS
why is the apeture of the..nasomax aperture impt
easily blocked with any swelling, hence trauma can lead to sinusitits
what are the 2 types of sinusitis
1ry - from prev resp infection (strep+)
2ry - dental dz most commonly
what radiographical sign indicates sinusitis
horizontal line in sinnus cavilty indicate fluid
if you suspect 1ry sinusitis, what is a general protocol to follow re tx and management
- rule out strangles
- abx for 1-2wks (TMS)
- ground feed (drainage)
- dust free and turnout lots
if dont respond = sinuscopy and lavage
where is the most common p-n sinus to see chondroids
ventral conchal sinus
what are the 2 surgical approaches to the p-nasal sinuses
trephine
bone flap = better access
why is it better to perform p-n sx just under standing sedation
less bleeding
less oedema
no risk of GA
GA only if v fractious patients
where would you access the CMS
cd 4 x cheek teeth (08-11)
where would you access the frontal sinus in a horse
top margin in bw eyes, down midline
other than dental dz what other causes of 2ry sinusitis are there
neoplasia
facial fracture
granulomatous lesions
why is it significant that the VC and DV sinuses have ‘bullae’
they dont communicate with sinus at all
cause of failed tx
remove them and then everythig will drain
they are R t the p-n sinus
what are the common dx tools used in sinus dz diagnosis
- xray
- endoscopy
- sinoscopy
- u/s
- CT
- flushing
