cardiology - FA Flashcards

1
Q

how can you assess the CV system of a cow from a distance

A
  • oedema - brisket and intermandibular
  • posture
  • Resp effort
  • condition, presenting signs, hx
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2
Q

how can you assess CV of a cow, ‘hands on’

A

skin tenting - DH.
regional temp (ears etc) - perfusion
mm, CRT (conjunct, gingiva, vulva)
venous distention

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3
Q

if the mm are brick red - what are suspected causes

A

toxaemia

- salmon, pasteurellosis, MCF, IBR, infectious bov keratoconjunctivitis

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4
Q

if the mm are cyanotic - what might the signs be>

A

resp failure
nitrites or metaldehyde poison
congenital abn.

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5
Q

if the animal is jaundice - what are the suspicions

A
  • hepatitis, lepto, haemolytic anaemia
  • babesia, ragwort, kale, lupin, Cu+
  • photosensitisation
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6
Q

what are the causes of haemorahaggic mm

A

anthrax
bracken
copper poisoning
leapt and mycotoxins

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7
Q

what HR is normal for calves and cows

A
calves = 100-120
cows = 50-80 (+ if high yielding)
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8
Q

where can you feel the pulse on a cow

A

middle coccygeal v (10cm below anus)
ext maxillary
cd auricular

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9
Q

in a normal cow how far up the jugular will the pulse remain normal

A

1/3. if any more than that = indicates high p

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10
Q

where would you locate the base and apex of the heart in the cow

A
base = 3rd-6th rib
apex = 6th rib where it articulates with sternum
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11
Q

where will you find PAM?

A

3-4th IC space

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12
Q

where will you find the tricuspid valve

A

4th rib, 10cm above sternum

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13
Q

what might causes a heart murmur

A

valvular endocarditis

- stenosis, regurg,

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14
Q

desc in a basic manner the way to tell systolic from pre-systolic to diastolic murmur

A
persist = brr-lub dub
systolic= lub, brr- dup
diastolic = lud-dub-brr
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15
Q

which valve is most commonly effected by endocarditis

A

R AV valve

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16
Q

how does endocarditis occur and what is the dx and tx

A

persistent bacteraemia (from mastitis, nephritis)
leads to shifting lameness from emboli
dx - blood culture

17
Q

name some path which might cause endocarditis

A
truperella progenies
cl chauvoie
e coli
mycoplasma
strep and staph
mannheimia
18
Q

congenital defect might also cause murmurs - name some

A
VSD
PDA
Patent FO
Tetralogy of ballot
aortic stenosis
19
Q

anaemia can cause a murmur - what does it sound like

A

humming

20
Q

what are some causes of myocardial weakness

A

septicaemia
deficiency - Cu, Se, VitE
poison
congen

21
Q

what extra-cardia causes of murmur are there?

A

diaphragmatic hernia
ruminal tympany
oesoph obstruction

22
Q

when are pericardial sounds heard

A

pansystolically

muffled, gurgle

23
Q

what organisms that don’t cause endocarditis can cause pericarditis

A

TB - SO DONT DRAIN IT

haemophilia somnus

24
Q

what are the clinical signs of pericarditis

A

shallow breathing

abducted elbows

25
Q

what are the major risks of pericarditis

A

rupture of coronary vessel of ventricle

26
Q

what ar the signs fDCM in cattle and who gets it

A
2-3yo holsteins 
certain bulls throw them 
peripheral oedema
jug distension 
rounded heart
27
Q

how can rumenitits lead to Cd VC thrombosis

A

acidosis leading to rumentitis
local invasion of inflammation to liver –> abscess
thrombosis –> cd vC

28
Q

why is pulmonary oedema only really seen in acute case?

A

compensatory inc in lymph drainage

29
Q

what obvious signs of rest compromise can be seen as a result of CHF

A
  • nasal d/c of palm oedema. frothy white
  • bilat epistaxis from pulm embolism
    tachypnoea
30
Q

what signs can be palpated in the abdo of CHF>

A

ascites

hepatomegaly (RHS)

31
Q

how do you tx CHF in cattle

A

essentially –> needs to go as fallen stock/if early enough get it onto the wagon to slaughert

32
Q

what disease states can cause myocardial necrosis?

A
FMD
histophilus somni
clostridia (no chauvenoi)
vit e and se
fe+++ toxin piglets
porcine stress syndrome
33
Q

what are the many names of myopathy caused by Vit E and Se deficiency (anti-oxidants)

A

pig = mulberry heart
calf= white muscle dz
still lamb dz
nutritional muscular dystrophy

34
Q

name some ddx for sudden death of cattle (and sheep)

A
  • haem - calving, NSAID ulcer
  • plant (yew) toxicity
  • lightening
  • electrocution
  • hypo-mg
  • hypo-ca
  • toxaemia
  • bloat
  • luck leg and black dz
  • anthrax