Oropharyngeal dz Flashcards
what are the signs of oropharyngeal dz (the same as for oesophagitis too)
- dysphagia
- drooling
- halitosis
- odynophagia (swallowing pain)
what are common signs of dysphagi
difficulty lapping/forming bolus XS jaw movement drooling and dropping food nasal d/c gagging and coughing reluctance to eat bloody-saliva
There is functional (NM dysfct) or morphilogical (structural abn) dysphagia. what are the causes of each type
functional:
- cricopharyngeal aplasia, myasthenia gravis, bstem dz, neuropathy, botulism, hypothyroidism
morphological:
- inflam, trauma, foreign bodies, neoplasia and developmental abn (cleft palate etc)
what is cheilitis
inflm of lips
what are the conseq of inflam
ulceration, necrosis, 2ry infection
what is the diff bw regurg and vom
regurg = passive and a neutral pH
what is ptyalism and pseudoptyalism
inc saliva
pseudoptyalism = failure to swallow the saliva!
why is a thorough physical exam so impt in swallowing dz
ID why if pos before sx - as regurg when under GA is vvvv dangerous.
xrays are useful in swallowing dz cases but why are barium meals CI
aspiration!
what lab test would be useful in swallowing case
haematology serum biochem urinalysis virology (cats+) others = anti-ACh R Ab (myasthenia gravis) 2M Ab (MMM) ATCH stim test (addisons)
what is the obvs difference bw cat and dog oesophagi when looking down an endoscope?
dogs has ‘collapsed’ trachealis due to semicirucle rings, cats if fully round with complete rings
what causes a megaoesophagus
congenital
1ry - idiopathic
2ry - persistent AA, PDA, myasthenia, oesophogitis
how do you dx megaoesophagu
xray - aspir pneumonia, ventrally displaced trachea, if contrast used - enlarged
how do you tx megaoesophagu
- feed from height
- bethanecol, metoclopramide
- ‘meatballs’ - so it goes down easy
what can cause oesophagitis
ing of caustics/irritants
foreign bodies
acute and persistent vom
gastric reflux
how do you t ooesophagitis
rest it - so small feeds, soft food. abx sucralfate/metoclopramide (liq antacids) LA gastrostomy tube
how can the oesophagous get blocked - three wyas
- intralumenal
- intramural
- extramural
how does oesophageal stricture occur
fibrosis after ulceration of mucosa
how could you dilate a oesophageal stricture
bougienage = inc risk perforation as it just pushes through
balloon dilation - stationary when it expands = safer
oesoph foreign bodies are common in greedy dogs, but how can you tx it
dx wo barium
xray or endoscope should do it
