Oropharyngeal dz

Question 1

what are the signs of oropharyngeal dz (the same as for oesophagitis too)

Answer 1

• dysphagia
• drooling
• halitosis
• odynophagia (swallowing pain)

Question 2

what are common signs of dysphagi

Answer 2

difficulty lapping/forming bolus
XS jaw movement
drooling and dropping food
nasal d/c
gagging and coughing
reluctance to eat
bloody-saliva

Question 3

There is functional (NM dysfct) or morphilogical (structural abn) dysphagia. what are the causes of each type

Answer 3

functional:
- cricopharyngeal aplasia, myasthenia gravis, bstem dz, neuropathy, botulism, hypothyroidism
morphological:
- inflam, trauma, foreign bodies, neoplasia and developmental abn (cleft palate etc)

Question 4

what is cheilitis

Answer 4

inflm of lips

Question 5

what are the conseq of inflam

Answer 5

ulceration, necrosis, 2ry infection

Question 6

what is the diff bw regurg and vom

Answer 6

regurg = passive and a neutral pH

Question 7

what is ptyalism and pseudoptyalism

Answer 7

inc saliva

pseudoptyalism = failure to swallow the saliva!

Question 8

why is a thorough physical exam so impt in swallowing dz

Answer 8

ID why if pos before sx - as regurg when under GA is vvvv dangerous.

Question 9

xrays are useful in swallowing dz cases but why are barium meals CI

Answer 9

aspiration!

Question 10

what lab test would be useful in swallowing case

Answer 10

haematology
serum biochem
urinalysis
virology (cats+)
others = anti-ACh R Ab (myasthenia gravis)
2M Ab (MMM) ATCH stim test (addisons)

Question 11

what is the obvs difference bw cat and dog oesophagi when looking down an endoscope?

Answer 11

dogs has ‘collapsed’ trachealis due to semicirucle rings, cats if fully round with complete rings

Question 12

what causes a megaoesophagus

Answer 12

congenital
1ry - idiopathic
2ry - persistent AA, PDA, myasthenia, oesophogitis

Question 13

how do you dx megaoesophagu

Answer 13

xray - aspir pneumonia, ventrally displaced trachea, if contrast used - enlarged

Question 14

how do you tx megaoesophagu

Answer 14

• feed from height
• bethanecol, metoclopramide
• ‘meatballs’ - so it goes down easy

Question 15

what can cause oesophagitis

Answer 15

ing of caustics/irritants
foreign bodies
acute and persistent vom
gastric reflux

Question 16

how do you t ooesophagitis

Answer 16

rest it - so small feeds, soft food.
abx
sucralfate/metoclopramide (liq antacids)
LA
gastrostomy tube

Question 17

how can the oesophagous get blocked - three wyas

Answer 17

• intralumenal
• intramural
• extramural

Question 18

how does oesophageal stricture occur

Answer 18

fibrosis after ulceration of mucosa

Question 19

how could you dilate a oesophageal stricture

Answer 19

bougienage = inc risk perforation as it just pushes through

balloon dilation - stationary when it expands = safer

Question 20

oesoph foreign bodies are common in greedy dogs, but how can you tx it

Answer 20

dx wo barium

xray or endoscope should do it