SA GI Flashcards
what are the possible causes of severe potentially life threatening vomiting/diarrhoea?
enteric infection
haemorrhagic gastroenteritis
intestinal obstruction
what is the most common cause of acute vomiting/diarrhoea?
dietary indiscretions
what are some examples of surgical disease that can cause vomiting/diarrhoea?
intussusception volvulus incarceration stricture foreign body
what does gastritis relate to?
the stomach (gastric)
what does enteritis relate to?
small intestine
what does colitis relate to?
large intestine
what are the features of diarrhoea localised to the small intestine?
large volume
normal/increased frequency
possible malaena
weight loss over time
what are the features of diarrhoea localised to the large intestine?
normal/increased volume
frequent defeacation
tenesmus present
blood/mucus present
what is tenesmus?
excessive straining
what is done to restrict the GI intake in cases of vomiting/diarrhoea?
fast for minimum of 12 hours then frequent bland feeds (gives gut a rest)
how should the feed be restricted in cases of infants with vomiting/diarrhoea?
feed through the diarrhoea
what are some examples of anti-emetics?
maropitant
metoclopramide
what must be ruled out before giving anti-emetics?
obstruction (can cause rupture)
what is the more of action of maropitant?
NK-1 receptor antagonist
when can gastric protectants be used?
persistant vomiting
presence of ulceration
what are some examples of gastric mucosal protectants?
histamine receptor antagonists
proton pump inhibitors
sucralfate
antacids
what analgesic is contra-indicated in vomiting/diarrhoea cases?
NSAIDs
what can be used as antidiarrhoeals?
opioids
anticholinergics
what are the arguments for antibiotic use in vomiting/diarrhoea cases?
the gut microflora is already upset and there is a risk of sepsis due to compromised mucosal barrier
what are the arguments against antibiotic use in vomiting/diarrhoea cases?
promises resistance and upsets natural microflora
what breeds are mainly effected by acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome?
toy/miniture breeds
what is done to treat acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome?
vigorous fluid therapy
withhold all food/water
protectants
