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MOD (year 3) > SA GI > Flashcards

SA GI Flashcards

1
Q

what are the possible causes of severe potentially life threatening vomiting/diarrhoea?

A

enteric infection
haemorrhagic gastroenteritis
intestinal obstruction

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2
Q

what is the most common cause of acute vomiting/diarrhoea?

A

dietary indiscretions

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3
Q

what are some examples of surgical disease that can cause vomiting/diarrhoea?

A 
intussusception
volvulus
incarceration
stricture
foreign body
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4
Q

what does gastritis relate to?

A

the stomach (gastric)

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5
Q

what does enteritis relate to?

A

small intestine

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6
Q

what does colitis relate to?

A

large intestine

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7
Q

what are the features of diarrhoea localised to the small intestine?

A

large volume
normal/increased frequency
possible malaena
weight loss over time

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8
Q

what are the features of diarrhoea localised to the large intestine?

A

normal/increased volume
frequent defeacation
tenesmus present
blood/mucus present

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9
Q

what is tenesmus?

A

excessive straining

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10
Q

what is done to restrict the GI intake in cases of vomiting/diarrhoea?

A

fast for minimum of 12 hours then frequent bland feeds (gives gut a rest)

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11
Q

how should the feed be restricted in cases of infants with vomiting/diarrhoea?

A

feed through the diarrhoea

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12
Q

what are some examples of anti-emetics?

A

maropitant

metoclopramide

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13
Q

what must be ruled out before giving anti-emetics?

A

obstruction (can cause rupture)

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14
Q

what is the more of action of maropitant?

A

NK-1 receptor antagonist

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15
Q

when can gastric protectants be used?

A

persistant vomiting

presence of ulceration

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16
Q

what are some examples of gastric mucosal protectants?

A

histamine receptor antagonists
proton pump inhibitors
sucralfate
antacids

17
Q

what analgesic is contra-indicated in vomiting/diarrhoea cases?

A

NSAIDs

18
Q

what can be used as antidiarrhoeals?

A

opioids

anticholinergics

19
Q

what are the arguments for antibiotic use in vomiting/diarrhoea cases?

A

the gut microflora is already upset and there is a risk of sepsis due to compromised mucosal barrier

20
Q

what are the arguments against antibiotic use in vomiting/diarrhoea cases?

A

promises resistance and upsets natural microflora

21
Q

what breeds are mainly effected by acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome?

A

toy/miniture breeds

22
Q

what is done to treat acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome?

A

vigorous fluid therapy
withhold all food/water
protectants

MOD (year 3) (45 decks)

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