SA gastroenterology Flashcards
what are severe potentially life threatening acute vomiting/diarrhoea causes?
severe enteric infection (parvo…)
intestinal obstruction
haemorrhagic gastric enteritis
surgical disease
what is the most common non-fatal self limiting diarrhoea?
dietary indiscretion
what are some surgical diseases that can cause vomiting/diarrhoea?
intussusception
volvulus
stricture/partial obstruction
foreign body
what is enteritis?
small intestinal inflammation
what is colitis?
large intestinal inflammation
what is tenesmus?
straining/cramping associated with the need to defecate
do diarrhoea associated with the SI or LI produce larger volumes of diarrhoea?
SI
what can cause acute gastritis?
dietary indiscretion (garbage intoxication) foreign body bezoars drugs acute systemic disease
what clinical signs associated with diarrhoea of acute enteritis?
normal/increased frequency
no tenesmus
with/without digested blood
large volume
what clinical signs associated with diarrhoea of acute colitis?
tenesmus
mucoid
frequent small volumes
fresh blood
what should be done when restricting GI intake as symptomatic treatment for vomiting/diarrhoea?
fats for 12 hours then frequency small amounts of bland food
when should anti-emetics not be given?
if there is a suspected obstruction
what are some centrally acting anti-emetics?
maropitant
metoclopramide
what is the mode of action of maropitant?
NK1 receptor antagonist
when are gastric mucosal protectants used?
if vomiting or ulceration persists
what are some examples of gastric mucosal protectants?
histamine receptor antagonists
proton pump inhibitor
sucralfate
antacids (aluminium hydroxide)
what group of drugs are contraindicated for vomiting/diarrhoea?
NSAIDs
what ways do anti-diarrhoeals work?
protect mucosa
bind toxins
bind excess water
what group of drugs can be used as motility modifiers as anti-diarrhoeals?
opioids
what are the cons of giving antibiotics to patients with vomiting/diarrhoea?
upsets natural flora
causes diarrhoea
promotes resistance
what breeds are most commonly seen with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome?
toy/miniture breeds
what are the clinical signs of acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome?
sudden vomiting (+/- blood) severe bloody diarrhoea marked haemoconcentration depression shock
how is acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome treated?
vigorous fluid therapy (80ml/kg/hr)
withhold food
broad-spectrum antibiotic
protectants
