Castration, dehorning, umbilical surgery Flashcards
what is a castrated bull called?
steer/bullock
what is a castrated ram called?
wether
why are bulls/rams castrated?
safety
prevent pregnancy
better carcass quality
how can calves/lambs be castrated in the first 7 days?
ring by stock keeper
who can castrate a calf up to 2 months old?
trained lay person with no analgesia
who can castrate a lamb up to 3 months old?
trained lay person with no analgesia
what are the advantages of castration being done at a younger age?
safer/easier
less risk to animal
less growth setback
what is the licensed local anaesthetic of farm animals?
procaine
what is the aim of burdizzos?
damage the blood vessels to the testicles leading to ischaemic necrosis
what are the main risks of open castrate?
haemorrhage
herniation (mainly pigs)
infection
tetanus
what is a non-surgical method of castration?
GnRH vaccine (licensed for pigs)
what time of year is dehorning avoided?
when flies are around
what are some issues with dehorning paste?
licked off
drips into eyes
when does anaesthetic have to be administered for dehorning?
always
what does the umbilical artery become?
round ligament of the bladder
what does the urachus become?
scar on the bladder
what does the umbilical vein become?
round ligament in the falciform ligament
if an umbilical swelling is reducible into the abdomen what is it?
simple hernia
if an umbilical swelling is partially reducible into the abdomen what is it?
hernia and abscess
what is done to identify discharge tracts of umbilical swellings?
probe (urinary catheter)
how should the edges of a larger hernia be sutured together?
overlapping (vest over pants)
if an umbilical hernia is very large and cannot be drawn together, what can be used?
prolene mesh
what should be done for aftercare for animals that have undergone a hernia operation?
1 month box rest (own pen)
where is local anaesthetic placed for hernia surgery?
cranially to herniation (no nerves coming caudally)
what type of incision is used for herniation surgery?
two straight incisions
which side of the wound should a prolene mesh be placed?
inside (peritoneal side)
how is one stage urachal surgery carried out?
incisions from hernia to bladder, tie of patent urachus and correct hernia
what can be done for animals that develop oedema post umbilical surgery?
place stent (wrap duct tape round the animal to support)
what are the main complication of umbilical surgery?
seroma
re-herniation
infection
