Castration, dehorning, umbilical surgery

Question 1

what is a castrated bull called?

Answer 1

steer/bullock

Question 2

what is a castrated ram called?

Answer 2

wether

Question 3

why are bulls/rams castrated?

Answer 3

safety
prevent pregnancy
better carcass quality

Question 4

how can calves/lambs be castrated in the first 7 days?

Answer 4

ring by stock keeper

Question 5

who can castrate a calf up to 2 months old?

Answer 5

trained lay person with no analgesia

Question 6

who can castrate a lamb up to 3 months old?

Answer 6

trained lay person with no analgesia

Question 7

what are the advantages of castration being done at a younger age?

Answer 7

safer/easier
less risk to animal
less growth setback

Question 8

what is the licensed local anaesthetic of farm animals?

Answer 8

procaine

Question 9

what is the aim of burdizzos?

Answer 9

damage the blood vessels to the testicles leading to ischaemic necrosis

Question 10

what are the main risks of open castrate?

Answer 10

haemorrhage
herniation (mainly pigs)
infection
tetanus

Question 11

what is a non-surgical method of castration?

Answer 11

GnRH vaccine (licensed for pigs)

Question 12

what time of year is dehorning avoided?

Answer 12

when flies are around

Question 13

what are some issues with dehorning paste?

Answer 13

licked off

drips into eyes

Question 14

when does anaesthetic have to be administered for dehorning?

Answer 14

always

Question 15

what does the umbilical artery become?

Answer 15

round ligament of the bladder

Question 16

what does the urachus become?

Answer 16

scar on the bladder

Question 17

what does the umbilical vein become?

Answer 17

round ligament in the falciform ligament

Question 18

if an umbilical swelling is reducible into the abdomen what is it?

Answer 18

simple hernia

Question 19

if an umbilical swelling is partially reducible into the abdomen what is it?

Answer 19

hernia and abscess

Question 20

what is done to identify discharge tracts of umbilical swellings?

Answer 20

probe (urinary catheter)

Question 21

how should the edges of a larger hernia be sutured together?

Answer 21

overlapping (vest over pants)

Question 22

if an umbilical hernia is very large and cannot be drawn together, what can be used?

Answer 22

prolene mesh

Question 23

what should be done for aftercare for animals that have undergone a hernia operation?

Answer 23

1 month box rest (own pen)

Question 24

where is local anaesthetic placed for hernia surgery?

Answer 24

cranially to herniation (no nerves coming caudally)

Question 25

what type of incision is used for herniation surgery?

Answer 25

two straight incisions

Question 26

which side of the wound should a prolene mesh be placed?

Answer 26

inside (peritoneal side)

Question 27

how is one stage urachal surgery carried out?

Answer 27

incisions from hernia to bladder, tie of patent urachus and correct hernia

Question 28

what can be done for animals that develop oedema post umbilical surgery?

Answer 28

place stent (wrap duct tape round the animal to support)

Question 29

what are the main complication of umbilical surgery?

Answer 29

seroma
re-herniation
infection