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MOD (year 3) > Equine toxicology > Flashcards

Equine toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

what type of toxin is deadly nightshade?

A

neurotoxin

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2
Q

what is the toxic agent of deadly nightshade?

A

tropane alkaloids (anticholinergic - mydriasis, shivering, tachycardia…)

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3
Q

what type of toxin is hemlock?

A

neurotoxin

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4
Q

what does hemlock look similar to?

A

cow parsley (but has purple blotches on stem)

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5
Q

what are the clinical signs of hemlock toxicity?

A

agitation, salivation, nervousness, paralysis…

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6
Q

what type of toxin is Hypochaeris radicata (flatweed)?

A

neurotoxin

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7
Q

what is are the clincal signs of flatweed poisoning similar to?

A

stringhalt (hyperflexion)

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8
Q

what type of toxin is bracken fern?

A

neurotoxin

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9
Q

what is the pathogenesis of bracken fern?

A

thiaminase (thiamine deficiency)

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10
Q

what type of toxin is mares tail?

A

neurotoxin

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11
Q

what is the pathogenesis of mares tail?

A

thiaminase (thiamine deficiency)

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12
Q

what type of toxin is mouldy corn toxicity?

A

neurotoxin

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13
Q

what type of toxin is rye grass staggers?

A

neurotoxin

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14
Q

what are the two bacterial neurotoxins?

A

botulism (Clostridium botulinum)

grass sickness

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15
Q

what type of toxin is blue-green alage?

A

neurotoxin

hepatotoxin

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16
Q

what type of toxin is lead?

A

neurotoxin

17
Q

what is the major clinical sign of lead poisoning?

A

cannot swallow (dysphagia)

18
Q

what type of toxin is sorghum?

A

cardio-respiratory

19
Q

what can low doses of sorghum lead to?

A

chronic poisoning (ataxia/cystitis)

20
Q

what type of toxin is oleander?

A

cardio-respiratory

21
Q

what type of toxin is rhododendron?

A

cardio-respiratory

22
Q

what type of toxin is fox glove?

A

cardio-respiratory

23
Q

what type of toxin is yew?

A

cardio-respiratory

24
Q

what type of toxin is monensin?

A

cardio-respiratory

25
Q

what is monensin used for?

A

feed additive

treat coccidiosis

26
Q

what type of toxin are pyrrolizidine alkaloid containing plants?

A

hepatotoxins

27
Q

what type of toxin are aflatoxins?

A

hepatotoxins

28
Q

what is the most common pyrrolizidine alkaloid containing plant?

A

ragwort

29
Q

where are aflatoxins found?

A

mouldy feed

30
Q

what type of toxin is sycamore?

A

myotoxin

31
Q

what type of toxin is oak/acorns?

A

enterotoxins

32
Q

how does sycamore cause toxicity?

A

prevents the digestion of fatty acids

33
Q

what type of toxin is St Johns wort?

A

dermatoxin

34
Q

what type of toxin is giant hogweed?

A

dermatoxin

35
Q

what does st johns wort cause?

A

primary photosensitisation

36
Q

what is pastern/cannon leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with?

A

yellow plants

37
Q

how is pastern/cannon leukocytoclastic vasculitis differentiated from photosensitisation?

A

be on medial and lateral aspect (shaded areas)

38
Q

what type of toxin is selenium?

A

dermatoxin

MOD (year 3) (45 decks)

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