Equine toxicology Flashcards
what type of toxin is deadly nightshade?
neurotoxin
what is the toxic agent of deadly nightshade?
tropane alkaloids (anticholinergic - mydriasis, shivering, tachycardia…)
what type of toxin is hemlock?
neurotoxin
what does hemlock look similar to?
cow parsley (but has purple blotches on stem)
what are the clinical signs of hemlock toxicity?
agitation, salivation, nervousness, paralysis…
what type of toxin is Hypochaeris radicata (flatweed)?
neurotoxin
what is are the clincal signs of flatweed poisoning similar to?
stringhalt (hyperflexion)
what type of toxin is bracken fern?
neurotoxin
what is the pathogenesis of bracken fern?
thiaminase (thiamine deficiency)
what type of toxin is mares tail?
neurotoxin
what is the pathogenesis of mares tail?
thiaminase (thiamine deficiency)
what type of toxin is mouldy corn toxicity?
neurotoxin
what type of toxin is rye grass staggers?
neurotoxin
what are the two bacterial neurotoxins?
botulism (Clostridium botulinum)
grass sickness
what type of toxin is blue-green alage?
neurotoxin
hepatotoxin
what type of toxin is lead?
neurotoxin
what is the major clinical sign of lead poisoning?
cannot swallow (dysphagia)
what type of toxin is sorghum?
cardio-respiratory
what can low doses of sorghum lead to?
chronic poisoning (ataxia/cystitis)
what type of toxin is oleander?
cardio-respiratory
what type of toxin is rhododendron?
cardio-respiratory
what type of toxin is fox glove?
cardio-respiratory
what type of toxin is yew?
cardio-respiratory
what type of toxin is monensin?
cardio-respiratory
what is monensin used for?
feed additive
treat coccidiosis
what type of toxin are pyrrolizidine alkaloid containing plants?
hepatotoxins
what type of toxin are aflatoxins?
hepatotoxins
what is the most common pyrrolizidine alkaloid containing plant?
ragwort
where are aflatoxins found?
mouldy feed
what type of toxin is sycamore?
myotoxin
what type of toxin is oak/acorns?
enterotoxins
how does sycamore cause toxicity?
prevents the digestion of fatty acids
what type of toxin is St Johns wort?
dermatoxin
what type of toxin is giant hogweed?
dermatoxin
what does st johns wort cause?
primary photosensitisation
what is pastern/cannon leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with?
yellow plants
how is pastern/cannon leukocytoclastic vasculitis differentiated from photosensitisation?
be on medial and lateral aspect (shaded areas)
what type of toxin is selenium?
dermatoxin
