Equine toxicology

Question 1

what type of toxin is deadly nightshade?

Answer 1

neurotoxin

Question 2

what is the toxic agent of deadly nightshade?

Answer 2

tropane alkaloids (anticholinergic - mydriasis, shivering, tachycardia…)

Question 3

what type of toxin is hemlock?

Answer 3

neurotoxin

Question 4

what does hemlock look similar to?

Answer 4

cow parsley (but has purple blotches on stem)

Question 5

what are the clinical signs of hemlock toxicity?

Answer 5

agitation, salivation, nervousness, paralysis…

Question 6

what type of toxin is Hypochaeris radicata (flatweed)?

Answer 6

neurotoxin

Question 7

what is are the clincal signs of flatweed poisoning similar to?

Answer 7

stringhalt (hyperflexion)

Question 8

what type of toxin is bracken fern?

Answer 8

neurotoxin

Question 9

what is the pathogenesis of bracken fern?

Answer 9

thiaminase (thiamine deficiency)

Question 10

what type of toxin is mares tail?

Answer 10

neurotoxin

Question 11

what is the pathogenesis of mares tail?

Answer 11

thiaminase (thiamine deficiency)

Question 12

what type of toxin is mouldy corn toxicity?

Answer 12

neurotoxin

Question 13

what type of toxin is rye grass staggers?

Answer 13

neurotoxin

Question 14

what are the two bacterial neurotoxins?

Answer 14

botulism (Clostridium botulinum)

grass sickness

Question 15

what type of toxin is blue-green alage?

Answer 15

neurotoxin

hepatotoxin

Question 16

what type of toxin is lead?

Answer 16

neurotoxin

Question 17

what is the major clinical sign of lead poisoning?

Answer 17

cannot swallow (dysphagia)

Question 18

what type of toxin is sorghum?

Answer 18

cardio-respiratory

Question 19

what can low doses of sorghum lead to?

Answer 19

chronic poisoning (ataxia/cystitis)

Question 20

what type of toxin is oleander?

Answer 20

cardio-respiratory

Question 21

what type of toxin is rhododendron?

Answer 21

cardio-respiratory

Question 22

what type of toxin is fox glove?

Answer 22

cardio-respiratory

Question 23

what type of toxin is yew?

Answer 23

cardio-respiratory

Question 24

what type of toxin is monensin?

Answer 24

cardio-respiratory

Question 25

what is monensin used for?

Answer 25

feed additive | treat coccidiosis

Question 26

what type of toxin are pyrrolizidine alkaloid containing plants?

Answer 26

hepatotoxins

Question 27

what type of toxin are aflatoxins?

Answer 27

hepatotoxins

Question 28

what is the most common pyrrolizidine alkaloid containing plant?

Answer 28

ragwort

Question 29

where are aflatoxins found?

Answer 29

mouldy feed

Question 30

what type of toxin is sycamore?

Answer 30

myotoxin

Question 31

what type of toxin is oak/acorns?

Answer 31

enterotoxins

Question 32

how does sycamore cause toxicity?

Answer 32

prevents the digestion of fatty acids

Question 33

what type of toxin is St Johns wort?

Answer 33

dermatoxin

Question 34

what type of toxin is giant hogweed?

Answer 34

dermatoxin

Question 35

what does st johns wort cause?

Answer 35

primary photosensitisation

Question 36

what is pastern/cannon leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with?

Answer 36

yellow plants

Question 37

how is pastern/cannon leukocytoclastic vasculitis differentiated from photosensitisation?

Answer 37

be on medial and lateral aspect (shaded areas)

Question 38

what type of toxin is selenium?

Answer 38

dermatoxin