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Sociology - Crime and Deviance > Right Realists on Crime and Deviance > Flashcards

Right Realists on Crime and Deviance Flashcards

1
Q

What do Right Realists argue in terms of decisions over committing crimes? Even for who?

A

It is a choice, even for those in poverty

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2
Q

According to Murray, why is poverty not a cause for crime in terms of how many poor people offend?

A

Many poor people do not commit crimes

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3
Q

Which 2 classes of poor people did Murray create?

A

The respectable poor and the unrespectable poor

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4
Q

What do the respectable poor do in society?

A

Find a job and provide for their family

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5
Q

What do the unrespectable poor do in society?

A

They live off benefits and do not provide for their family

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6
Q

Name a television show which shows how the unrespectable poor act

A

Benefits Street

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6
Q

What were 2 of the criminal acts Danny and Funghi did?

A

Stole from a shop, bought drugs

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7
Q

Which sociological theory would argue the classification of working class people is unfair?

A

Marxists

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8
Q

Who wrote the book “Chavs”?

A

Owen Jones

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8
Q

How does Owen Jones argue the media presents the working class in terms of crime committing?

A

Portrayed as people who choose to commit crimes

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9
Q

What do Marxists argue is the main reason people commit crimes?

A

To fight against the poverty they face

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9
Q

What did Bonger say about Capitalism?

A

Capitalism causes poverty

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10
Q

What does Murray argue about the parent situation for most underclass families?

A

There is only a mother

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10
Q

What did Gordon say about Capitalism?

A

Capitalism breeds competition

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11
Q

What do Right Realists argue has been the impact of single-parent families?

A

It has caused there to be more crime

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12
Q

What does Murray argue about socialisation of boys in underclass families?

A

It is inefficient due to only the mother being present

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12
Q

What does Murray argue will happen to boys if they do not have a father in the socialisation process?

A

They will not have a role model who is a male breadwinner

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12
Q

What does Sewell argue in terms of Black Caribbean families?

A

Many Black Caribbean children have single mothers

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13
Q

What did Sewell observe happened to the Black Caribbean boys when they had no male role model?

A

They turned to rappers as role models

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13
Q

How did rappers respond to authority?

A

They resisted it

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14
Q

What did it mean for the Black Caribbean boys if their role models resisted authority?

A

They did the same

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15
Q

What type of subculture were Black Caribbeans more likely to join if they grew up with a single mother?

A

Anti-School Subcultures

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16
Q

What do Feminists argue about all families having the nuclear family structure?

A

It can be dangerous for women if they experience domestic abuse

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17
Q

Who describes domestic abuse as patriarchal terrorism?

A

Johnson

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18
Q

Why did Johnson describe domestic abuse as patriarchal terrorism?

A

Women are made uncertain of when the next attack will happen

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18
Q

According to Dobash and Dobash, why is it difficult for women to leave abusive relationships?

A

They may be financially dependent on the man

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19
Q

Which feminists argued it was difficult for women to escape abusive relationships?

A

Dobash and Dobash

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20
Q

What type of state do Right Realists argue has been created due to benefits?

A

A “nanny state”

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21
Q

Who argued the welfare state is responsible for the emergence of an underclass?

A

Marsland

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22
Q

What does Marsland say about benefit acquisition?

A

Benefits are too easy to get

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23
Q

Who created the concept of the “nanny state”?

A

Marsland

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24
Q

What does Marsland argue the welfare state has caused with the family unit?

A

It has caused it to decline

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25
Q

Why does Marsland argue the welfare state has caused the family unit to decline?

A

Families are less likely to support themselves

26
Q

Why would Functionalists agree with the Right Realist idea of family unit bonds being weak?

A

Functionalists believe weak social bonds is what causes people to commit crime

27
Q

Which Functionalist created the social bond theory?

A

Hirschi

28
Q

What is the social bond of belief about?

A

Belief in the law

29
Q

What is the social bond of involvement about?

A

Involvement with family members

30
Q

What do Right Realists say need to be increased when comitting crimes?

A

The costs of committing a crime

31
Q

Who created rational choice theory?

A

Clarke

32
Q

What does Clarke argue about people choosing to commit crimes?

A

It is a rational choice to commit crime

33
Q

Why is it rational for people to commit crimes according to Clarke?

A

The rewards outweigh the costs

34
Q

What does it mean if the costs of committing crimes are low?

A

People are unlikely to get caught

34
Q

What form of policing does Clarke argue will reduce crime?

A

Zero-tolerance policing

35
Q

What does zero-tolerance policing mean?

A

Strict punishments for all forms of crime

36
Q

Give an example of minor crime that would receive a conviction in zero-tolerance policing

A

Littering

36
Q

What will the rational choice of individuals be if zero-tolerance policing was implemented?

A

To not commit a crime

37
Q

What do Left Realists argue zero-tolerance policing fails to address?

A

The underlying causes of crime

38
Q

What did Left Realists Lea and Young argue causes crime in terms of deprivation?

A

Relative deprivation

39
Q

How do Left Realists believe policies should be structured to reduce crime?

A

Make the working class feel less marginalised

39
Q

What would Interactionists criticise about zero-tolerance policing?

A

Ethnic minorities are more likely to be receive punishments

40
Q

What did Interactionist, Cicourel find?

A

Police officers had a stereotypical view of a ‘typical delinquent’

41
Q

Give the CAGE description of a typical delinquent and where they will live

A

Working class young male from an ethnic minority who lives in an inner city area

42
Q

What do Right Realists believe will occur if minor crimes are not punished?

A

Crime will increase

43
Q

Which Right Realists developed the broken windows theory?

A

Wilson and Kelling

44
Q

What does the broken windows theory say?

A

If someone breaks a window in an abandoned building and it is not repaired, others will come along and break other windows

45
Q

What is the broken windows metaphor in the sense of littering?

A

If someone were to litter and it was not dealt with by the law, others would litter

45
Q

What is created by crimes being left unattended in neighbourhoods according to Wilson and Kelling?

A

A signal telling the neighbourhood that crime is acceptable

46
Q

What do Wilson and Kelling believe would happen if there was more social control in neighbourhoods?

A

There would be less crime

47
Q

What small crime did New York police reduce in subway stations?

A

People who did not pay to get on the subway

48
Q

How did reducing the crime of not paying to get on the subway reduce other crimes?

A

Lots of the people who were caught not paying had knives and guns on them

49
Q

What do Wilson and Kelling argue can be done with informal social control?

A

It can be strengthened

50
Q

What would it mean if there was strengthened informal social control?

A

There would be someone around who would deter them from offending

50
Q

What would Functionalists agree on with Wilson and Kelling’s argument with broken windows theory?

A

If minor crimes go unpunished, then crime will increase

51
Q

Which Functionalist created the concepts of anomie and value consensus?

A

Durkheim

52
Q

What is anomie?

A

When people do not know what norms and values to follow

53
Q

Why will there be increased anomie if minor crimes go unpunished?

A

People will be uncertain if they are illegal or not

54
Q

What is value consensus?

A

When everyone in society agrees on the same set of values

54
Q

Why will the value consensus be threatened if minor crimes go unpunished?

A

People will not know if values are the same anymore

54
Q

What do Right Realists argue about guardians in relation to crime decreasing?

A

If there are more guardians in society, crime will decrease

55
Q

Who created the concept of routine activity theory?

A

Felson

56
Q

What does Felson argue routine activity theory explains?

A

Explains why people commit crime

56
Q

What is the first element that Felson argues will influence people to commit a crime in terms of with the offender?

A

A motivated offender

57
Q

What is the second element that Felson argues will influence people to commit a crime in terms of with the target?

A

There is a suitable target for the crime

58
Q

What is the third element that Felson argues will influence people to commit a crime in terms of a guardian’s presence?

A

There is an absence of a guardian

59
Q

Name a formal guardian

A

Police officers

59
Q

Name an informal guardian

A

Neighbours

59
Q

What does Felson argue will happen with crime if there are more formal or informal guardians?

A

Crime will decrease

59
Q

What would Postmodernists argue about Right Realist explanations of reducing crime?

A

They are outdated

60
Q

What did the Postmodernist, Lyng say about why people commit crime?

A

It is to give them a thrill of either getting caught or getting away with it

61
Q

What did the Postmodernist, Katz say about why people commit crime?

A

They are attracted to crimes by the seductive element of committing them

Sociology - Crime and Deviance (186 decks)

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