Left Realists on Crime and Deviance Flashcards
Which Left Realists felt Right Realist approach to crime was too harsh?
Lea and Young
What did Lea and Young argue about Marxist solutions to crime?
They were not realistic
What do Lea and Young argued Marxist solutions to crime overlooked?
The impacts that crime had on working class people
Who conducted the Islington Crime Survey?
Young
What was the main social class of people living in Islington?
Working Class
How many times higher than the national average was the Islington burglary rate?
5 times higher
What fraction of households in the Islington Crime Survey had been involved in serious crime in the past year?
1/3
What 2 types of crimes do Marxists say Left Realists ignore the impact of on working class individuals?
White collar crimes, corporate crimes
Which Marxist said corporate crimes had more negative impact than street crimes?
Snider
Why do Marxists argue corporate crimes impact more people negatively than street crime?
A larger amount of people could be affected by corporate crimes
What happened in Bhopal?
There was a pesticide gas leak
What was the impact for villagers in Bhopal of the gas leak in terms of their health?
They developed cancer
What was the impact for children in Bhopal of the gas leak?
They got brain damage
What do Lea and Young argue would happen with crime if all working class people experienced material deprivation in the same way?
All working class people would commit crimes
Which Marxist argued the poorest in society were more likely to buy the cheapest and unsafe products?
Box
What form of deprivation do Left Realists argue causes Black youths to commit crime?
Relative deprivation
What is relative deprivation?
When the way people see their deprivation differs for each person
What did the social activist, Akala talk about in his song Absolute Power?
The frustration of relative deprivation
How might black youths experience relative deprivation?
If they see middle class white people own things that they cannot afford
Roughly quote a line from “Absolute Power”
“Go to Glastonbury any year and you will see unlike Notting Hill Carnival it’s not a place where police will be”
What does this line from “Absolute Power” mean?
Police are more likely to be present at a festival with more black people attending than white people
Who did Chambliss study?
The Saints and the Roughnecks
What would Interactionists say Left Realists ignore the impact of for working class people?
The impact of labelling on working class people
What did Chambliss find with the labelling of the Saints?
They were not labelled negatively
What was the social class of the Saints?
Upper class
What did Chambliss find with the labelling of the Roughnecks?
They were labelled negatively
Name 2 authority figures in Chambliss’ study that labelled the 2 groups
Police, Teachers
What was the social class of the Roughnecks?
Working class
What do Left Realists argue is the result of marginalisation of Black Youths?
It causes them to commit crimes
What will be the impact of black youths being marginalised in education according to Lea and Young?
They will get less qualifications
What will happen with black youths’ view on society if they are constantly negatively treated?
They will feel hostile towards society
What does other sociological research argue about why Black youths may feel marginalised?
It is due to them being discriminated against by the police
Which report found institutional racism in the police?
The MacPherson report
What was the MacPherson report created after?
The killing of Stephen Lawrence by the police
What did the MacPherson report find about why the police did not investigate the Stephen Lawrence murder further?
It was because he was black
How many times more likely are Black people to be stopped and searched according to 2020 Home Office Data?
9 times more likely
Why do Left Realists argue working class Black youths commit crime in relation to consuming?
There is a pressure in society for them to consume
What does Young argue about the consumer culture of society?
People will only feel good if they continue to buy new products
Name a new technological product that emphasises encouragement to consume in society
Iphone 16
Name 2 agents of socialisation that force people in society to consume
Media, Peers
What will middle class parents be more able to do in relation to purchasing consumer goods for children?
Be able to afford them
What will working class Black parents be less able to do in relation to purchasing consumer goods for children?
Be unable to afford them
If Black youths want to buy something but can’t afford it, what will they be more likely to do?
Try and steal it
What would Feminists argue Left Realists fail to explain?
Why men commit crimes against women
Why do men commit domestic abuse according to Dobash and Dobash?
They feel they have the ‘right to discipline’ their wives
What do Left Realists believe is the impact of relative deprivation, marginalisation and the value of consuming on black youths in terms of youth cultures?
They will join a deviant youth culture
What did Harding study?
He studied county lines gangs
What did Harding find the county lines gangs did with young people?
Exploited them to sell drugs
Which Left Realists said working class youths will experience problems of living in a capitalist society if it is based on consumer culture?
Lea and Young
Which analogy did Harding create?
Casino analogy
What does Harding’s analogy say?
Young people feel they are winning by getting money from being in gangs, when they are actually losing
How would Functionalists agree with the argument that WC youths face the problems of living in a consumer culture?
That working class youths feel frustrated over their position
Who created the concept of status frustration?
Cohen
What did Cohen find in his study of status frustration?
Working class youths resorted to deviant behaviour when they felt unable to improve their status in the education system
Name 2 forms of behaviour the boys in Cohen’s study did they follow?
Vandalism, Violence
What did the working class boys in Cohen’s study fully do with middle class norms and values?
Deviated on them fully
What do Left Realists say is the most effective solution to reduce crime?
Community Crime Prevention
What does Community Crime Prevention mean?
Improving the lives of people in neighbourhoods to reduce crime
Who argued Community Crime Prevention can be done through policing?
Lea and Young
What percentage of crimes are cleared up by the police due to information from the public?
90%
What could police find out from the public to reduce crime?
Find out what the most common crimes are
What form of police officers would Left Realists argue would be best for hiring?
Police Community Support Officers
What will Police Community Support Officers be able to do in terms of trust with local communities?
Build trust with local communities
What do Left Realists argue the government need to implement to reduce crime in young people?
Schemes to keep them in education longer
Name a government scheme that kept young people in school longer and the year it was introduced
Education Maintenance Allowance, 1999
What did the Education Maintenance Allowance scheme do?
Gave 16-19 year olds £30 a week to put towards school equipment if they attended all of their lessons
How did the EMA reduce crime in the short term?
Young people would be going to all of their lessons
How did the EMA reduce crime in the long term?
They went on to get better qualifications in school and get good jobs
What would Marxists argue about proposed Left Realists reforms?
They would not have a big enough impact
Which Marxist argued crime is caused by the hegemonic values of capitalism?
Chambliss
What are 2 hegemonic values of Capitalism according to Chambliss?
Greed, Competitiveness
How will Greed under the EMA scheme mean young people are not benefitted by it?
They could use the money they were given to not buy education equipment
