40 Mark Question Plan: Crime and Deviance in relation to Age Flashcards
In evaluations for the CAGE questions, what do you argue?
How another factor has a larger influence on crime
How many paragraphs must you write?
7
Which 2 paragraphs that are not main point paragraphs do you need?
Introduction, Conclusion
What is the structure for writing main point paragraphs?
PEELE
How many main point paragraphs must you have?
5
What must you do after giving your main supporting point in an argument?
Link it to the question
Which part of school were the lads in?
Secondary school
Which Neo-Marxist studied the lads?
Willis
What did the lads do in lessons?
Had a “laff”
Why did the lads “have a laff” in lessons?
To prepare for the mundane life of working in a factory
Why did the lads want to work in factories?
To follow in the footsteps of their fathers
How did the lads see their fathers?
As role models
What would Left Realists argue is a larger factor for causing crime?
Ethnicity
Which Left Realists said black youths are marginalised?
Lea and Young
According to Lea and Young, how are black youths marginalised in school?
They are not given extra help in lessons
According to Lea and Young, how are black people treated in wider society?
The police are more harsh with them
What does 2020 Home Office Data show about how many times more likely Black people are to be stopped and searched?
9 times more likely
What is the impact for black people being marginalised by authorities?
They start to resent the police and commit crimes
Which Right Realist would argue age relates to crime?
Murray
How would Murray say age relates to crime?
Youths who experience inefficient primary socialisation will commit crimes
What did Murray say is the impact of inefficient primary socialisation?
Youths do not understand the importance of having a male breadwinner role model
Which class idea does Murray create?
The underclass
Which class of children are more likely to experience inefficient primary socialisation?
The underclass
What form of poor people would Murray argue inefficient socialisation creates?
Unrespectable poor people
Who are unrespectable poor people?
People in the underclass who commit crimes and take benefits
What would Sewell say to add onto Murray’s argument in terms of finding a role model?
Not having a male breadwinner role model will cause youths to turn to another role model
What role model might youths turn to according to Sewell?
Rappers
What do rappers do with authority?
They resist it
What will be the impact of having rapper role models for young people?
They will also resist authority
How might young people resist authority in school?
Join anti-school subcultures
What would Feminists argue is a larger factor influencing crime rather than age?
Gender
Who created the concept of hegemonic masculinity?
Messerschmidt
Name one of the hegemonic masculinity values
Strength
What do men under hegemonic masculinity try and keep with their wife?
Try to keep control
What did Messerschmidt say will happen if men feel they are losing control of their wife?
They will commit domestic abuse on them
What occurs for men when they commit domestic abuse against their wife?
They are reasserting control over their wives
Which Functionalist created social bond theory?
Hirschi
According to Hirschi, why do social bonds prevent people from committing crimes?
They take up lots of time
What is the social bond of involvement?
Involvement in family members
Why does the social bond of involvement prevent adults from committing crimes?
They might lose their family if they commit crimes
What is the social bond of belief?
Belief in the law
Why does the social bond of belief prevent adults from committing crimes?
They will respect the law system
What do retreatist subcultures involve?
Young people doing hard drugs
What would Interactionists argue crime is linked to more?
Labelling
What did Becker say about labelling by authority figures?
It was more likely to become a master status
What is a master status?
A label that overrides all other characteristics of someone
According to Becker, what happens to people who have had a master status over time?
They become a self-fulfilling prophecy
Name an Interactionist who studied a youth subculture that experienced a self-fulfilling prophecy
Chambliss
Which youth subculture were given a negative master status according to Chambliss?
The Roughnecks
What was the impact for the Rougnecks in terms of negative labelling when they were adults?
2 of them became criminals
What concept did the Functionalists, Cloward and Ohlin create?
Opportunity Structures
What are the 2 types of opportunity structures?
Legitimate opportunity structures, illegitimate opportunity structures
What do legitimate opportunity structures allow people to do?
Succeed in society by getting a job
What do illegitimate opportunity structures allow people to do?
Succeed in socially unacceptable ways
Which age of people are more likely to use illegitimate opportunity structures?
Young people
Name 2 types of illegitimate opportunity structure youth cultures young people may join
Conflict subcultures, retreatist subcultures
What do conflict subcultures involve?
Young people protecting their territory
Which Feminist would argue crime is more related to gender in terms of deals?
Carlen
Which 2 ‘deals’ did Carlen say women had in society?
Class deal and gender deal
What does the class deal say?
If women work hard they will be financially rewarded
What does the gender deal say?
If women follow their gender roles they will be emotionally rewarded
What will women be emotionally rewarded with?
A family
Why did some women Carlen studied feel they could not follow the class deal?
They did not have the qualifications to get high-status jobs
Why did some women Carlen studied feel they could not follow the gender deal?
They had been in abusive relationships
What did the women in Carlen’s study do when they felt unable to conform to the deals in society?
They turned to committing crimes
Who studied girls in gangs?
Batchelor
Which deal would be present that girls felt they could not conform to in Batchelor’s study?
Gender Deal
Why did the girls in Batchelor’s study feel unable to conform to the gender deal?
They had dysfunctional families
Why did the girls in Batchelor’s study seek belonging in gangs by not being able to conform to the gender deal?
To feel a sense of belonging
Which 2 Postmodernists would say young people are more likely to commit crime in the modern day?
Katz, Lyng
What did Lyng say made young people want to commit crime more in the present day?
CCTV installation
What did Lyng say committing crimes was for young people?
Edgework
What is edgework?
Committing a crime for the thrill of getting away with it or the danger of getting caught
Why do more young people commit crime due to CCTV according to Lyng?
It makes getting away with it more difficult
Which Interactionist would say the media is a larger reason for crimes to be committed?
Cohen
Which did Katz say about why young people commit crime?
It has a seductive nature to it
According to Katz, what do young people get from committing crimes?
They get pleasure from committing crimes
What occurred when more young people got involved with mods and rocker fights due to the moral panic?
Deviancy amplification
What was the impact for young people who saw the mods and rockers moral panic?
They wanted to get their own 15 minutes of fame
What did Cohen find was created by the media with the mods and rockers?
A moral panic
What form of deviancy amplification was there in the mods and rockers moral panic?
There was more violence
