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Sociology - Crime and Deviance > Feminists on Crime and Deviance > Flashcards

Feminists on Crime and Deviance Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who said a patriarchal society imposes more social control on women?

A

Heidensohn

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2
Q

Name a way girls are taught to act in primary socialisation

A

Nurturing

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3
Q

What does more social control under a patriarchy result in for frequency of female crimes?

A

Women commit less crimes than men

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4
Q

Name a way boys are taught to act in primary socialisation

A

Aggressive

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4
Q

Name 2 crimes women are less likely to commit

A

Murder, Assault

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5
Q

What did Heidensohn say is the impact of girls being taught about sexual violence?

A

They are less likely to go out as often

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6
Q

Name a type of crime women will be less likely to commit by spending more time at home

A

Corporate crimes

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7
Q

Which Feminist said there were 2 parts of primary socialisation preventing girls from committing crimes?

A

Oakley

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8
Q

According to Oakley, what are the 2 parts of primary socialisation preventing girls from committing crime?

A

Canalisation and Verbal Appellations

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9
Q

What would Marxists say Feminists focus too much on?

A

Gender

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9
Q

How does Canalisation make girls commit less crimes?

A

They are given toys which do not encourage aggressiveness

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9
Q

How do Verbal Appellations like “pretty girl” make girls commit less crime?

A

They make girls want to focus on their beauty

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10
Q

What does it mean if Feminists focus too much on gender for Marxists?

A

They ignore how class can make people commit crime

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10
Q

How could McRobbie’s concept support Heidensohn’s observations?

A

Girls will spend more time inside so will follow the bedroom culture

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11
Q

What did Taylor Walton and Young say?

A

Working class people committed crimes to distribute wealth from the rich to the poor

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11
Q

Who created the idea of the “Deals” in society?

A

Carlen

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12
Q

What 2 “Deals” are women given in society?

A

The Class Deal and the Gender Deal

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13
Q

What is the gender deal?

A

The idea that if women conform to their gender roles then they will receive emotional rewards

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13
Q

What is the class deal?

A

The idea that if women work hard they will be rewarded with a good income

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14
Q

Give an example of an emotional reward

A

Family life

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15
Q

Who did Carlen interview?

A

Working class women who were criminals

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16
Q

Why did the women Carlen interviewed not believe in the class deal?

A

They had no qualifications so could not find higher-paying work

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16
Q

Why did the women Carlen interviewed not believe in the gender deal?

A

They had been abused by family members and partners

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17
Q

Why did the women’s background make them not believe in the gender deal?

A

They did not want to start a family

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17
Q

Why did the women’s background make them not believe in the class deal?

A

They did not have qualifications

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18
Q

Which Feminist study support’s Carlens in relation to the dysfunctional family element?

A

Batchelor

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18
Q

What did Batchelor find with the family backgrounds of the girls in the gang?

A

They had dysfunctional families

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19
Q

Why did girls in Batchelor’s study seek belonging in gangs?

A

They would feel like part of a family

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20
Q

What do Postmodernists say about structural causes of crime?

A

There are no structural causes of crime

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20
Q

What did Henry and Milovanovic argue?

A

People have different needs for committing crimes

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20
Q

What does it mean if every person has unique needs to committing crimes?

A

They cannot be related to structural causes of crime

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21
Q

What will women do due to feminist ideas?

A

Get a job

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21
Q

Who created Liberation theory?

A

Adler

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22
Q

Name a law Feminists campaigned for

A

1975 Sex Discrimination Act

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22
Q

What is Liberation theory?

A

The idea that Feminist ideas have encouraged women to have less of a domestic role

23
Q

What did the Sex Discrimination Act mean?

A

Women would not be discriminated in jobs

23
Q

Why do women now have more opportunities to commit WCC and CC?

A

Because more women are in jobs

24
Q

Why are masculine traits encouraged to women in the workplace?

A

To increase sales

25
Q

Who argued young women are adopting masculine behaviours?

A

Denscombe

26
Q

Name someone who studied a girl anti-school subculture

A

Jackson

26
Q

Name a masculine behaviour women are adopting

A

Aggression

27
Q

Name 2 deviant norms and values Jackson found among girls

A

Drinking and Smoking

28
Q

Which institution would other Feminists say have spread the myth of increasing female crime?

A

The media

29
Q

What would other Feminists argue about an increase in female criminality?

A

There has not been an increase

30
Q

Which 2 Feminists analysed media coverage of the Ladettes?

A

Jackson and Tinkler

31
Q

Which female deviant behaviour did the media exaggerate?

A

Drinking

31
Q

Which theory did Heidensohn create?

A

Double deviance theory

31
Q

What do Feminists argue about police and court treatment of women?

A

They are more harsh to female offenders

32
Q

What did Jackson and Tinkler say had been created by the media?

A

A moral panic

33
Q

Whose theory does double deviance state is a myth?

A

Pollaks chivalry thesis

34
Q

Is Pollak a Feminist?

A

No

35
Q

What did Pollak argue?

A

Women are treated more leniently by male police officers and court judges

36
Q

What does Pollak say about why male police officers and court judges are more lenient to female offenders?

A

They see them as vulnerable and not fully responsible for their actions

36
Q

Due to Pollaks chivalry thesis, how will court judges rule female sentences?

A

They will give them a less harsh conviction

37
Q

What does double deviance theory say about the treatment of women by the police and courts?

A

They are treated more harshly

37
Q

What is the first punishment under double deviance theory?

A

They are punished for committing crimes in a similar way to men

38
Q

What is the second punishment under double deviance theory?

A

They are punished for going against their gender roles

39
Q

Who observed the Aileen Wournos case?

A

Lizzie Seal

40
Q

Did Aileen Wuournous know the people she killed?

A

They were strangers

40
Q

How did the double deviance punishment element of going against gender norms apply in terms of the crime?

A

Aileen Wuournos had killed people

41
Q

How did the double deviance punishment element of killing in a masculine way apply?

A

Killing strangers was seen as a more masculine killer trait

42
Q

How did Aileen Wuournos look?

A

She looked masculine

42
Q

How could looking masculine have applied to a double deviance element?

A

Because this would be a further deviation from female gender roles

43
Q

What would Interactionists argue Feminists ignore with police treatment of women?

A

The impact of class and ethnicity on how people are treated

43
Q

What concept did Cicourel create?

A

‘Typical Delinquent’ stereotype

44
Q

What does the typical delinquent idea say?

A

Police are likely to have an idea of who a typical delinquent is

45
Q

What is the general police view of a delinquent with CAGE?

A

Working class young male from an ethnic minority

46
Q

Where are typical delinquents more likely to live in cities?

A

Inner city areas

47
Q

What is the barrier to justice for women in courts?

A

The jury

48
Q

What does Walklate argue?

A

In female rape cases, it is the victim who is on trial

49
Q

Why does Walklate argue the rape victim is on trial?

A

The woman has to prove her respectability to have her evidence accepted

50
Q

What will jury members assume if the victim has led a promiscuous lifestyle?

A

That rape was inevitable

51
Q

What is an issue with Jury members over rape cases?

A

They make outdated assumptions

51
Q

What may happen to the offender if the jury thinks rape was inevitable?

A

They may not be convicted

52
Q

How old was the victim for the Irish rape case?

A

17 years old

53
Q

What did the lawyer do in the case?

A

Held up a pair of female underwear to show that it was what the girl was wearing

54
Q

What was the idea created when showing the underwear in the court case?

A

That rape was inevitable

55
Q

What happened to the offender?

A

They were not convicted

56
Q

What did Official Crime Statistics find in 2021 with challenges to female victims in cases?

A

There were challenges in areas other than courts to female victims

57
Q

What is the negative impact for rape victims over the CPS changing their attitudes to these cases?

A

Less cases will not be looked at

57
Q

Why do digital searches make rape victims less likely to be convicted?

A

40% of individuals do not want all of their devices to fully be searched

58
Q

Who suggested there were more challenges to women in successful crime convictions in 2021?

A

Barr and Topping

59
Q

How have the Crown Protection Service changed their attitudes to rape cases?

A

They have started to only focus on easier cases to solve

60
Q

What is the positive impact for CPS in changing their attitudes to rape cases?

A

They get a higher conviction rate

61
Q

Why do cuts to specialist rape units mean less offenders will be convicted?

A

There are less skilled people who have a focus on these cases

Sociology - Crime and Deviance (180 decks)

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