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Sociology - Crime and Deviance > Postmodernists on Crime and Deviance > Flashcards

Postmodernists on Crime and Deviance Flashcards

1
Q

What would Feminists apply causes of crime to?

A

The patriarchy

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2
Q

What would Marxists apply causes of crime to?

A

Capitalism

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2
Q

What do Postmodernists argue about structural causes of crime?

A

There are no structural causes

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3
Q

What do Henry and Milovanovic say for the needs of people committing crimes?

A

They will differ heavily for each individual

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4
Q

What did Henry and Milanovic argue with general causes of crime?

A

It was no longer possible to identify general causes of crime

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5
Q

Name 2 reasons why people could commit murder

A

Revenge, Rage

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5
Q

Why do Henry and Milanovic argue it is no longer possible to identify structural crime causes?

A

People who commit crimes are responding to their own needs

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6
Q

Name a crime which may have multiple different reasons for it being caused

A

Murder

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6
Q

What do Marxists and Feminists say about social structures?

A

They can still explain why crimes are committed

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6
Q

Who created the concept of Capitalist Hegemony?

A

Chambliss

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7
Q

Name 2 values under the Hegemony of Capitalism

A

Greed, Competitiveness

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8
Q

What will people do to fulfil the Hegemonic Capitalist values?

A

Commit crimes

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9
Q

What concept did Messerschmidt create?

A

Hegemonic values of masculinity

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10
Q

Name a hegemonic masculinity value

A

Valuing strength more than intelligence

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10
Q

Why do Postmodernists argue people commit crimes?

A

It is exciting

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10
Q

What did Lyng say about young people committing crimes?

A

It is edgework

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11
Q

Why does Katz say offenders get a thrill when committing crimes?

A

Uncertainty if they are caught or the chance of getting away with the crime

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12
Q

What does Lyng say about CCTV to reduce crime?

A

It increases crime

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13
Q

Why does Lyng argue CCTV increases the chance for people to commit crimes?

A

It makes getting away with a crime more difficult

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13
Q

What does Katz say in terms of thrill?

A

Committing crimes creates a thrill

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14
Q

What is the impact on CCTV according to Postmodernists?

A

It makes committing crimes more exciting

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15
Q

What did Foucalt say about a shift in society in controlling people?

A

There had been a shift from sovereign power to disciplinary power

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16
Q

Who do Katz and Lyng focus on in their arguments in terms of age group?

A

Young people

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17
Q

What did Taylor, Walton and Young say about why people commit crimes?

A

They do it as a conscious political act

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17
Q

Why do Postmodernists argue most people do not commit crime?

A

Because of disciplinary power

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17
Q

What do Neo-Marxists say about crimes only being for the purpose of excitement?

A

They can be more meaningful than this for people

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18
Q

According to Taylor, Walton and Young, what is the main reason WC people commit crimes?

A

To redistribute wealth from the rich to the poor

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19
Q

What does Foucalt argue about sovereign punishments in the present day?

A

They are no longer needed

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20
Q

What is sovereign power?

A

Controlling people with the threat of force

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20
Q

What is disciplinary power?

A

Controlling people through surveillance

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20
Q

Give an example of a physical punishment

A

Hanging

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20
Q

How were offenders punished centuries ago?

A

With physical punishments

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21
Q

What does it mean for crimes if everyone is now constantly under surveillance?

A

People are less likely to commit crimes

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22
Q

Name 2 types of crimes people will be deterred from with CCTV in public areas

A

Vandalism, Theft

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23
Q

Why are people less likely to commit crimes if under surveillance?

A

It is more likely that they will be caught

24
Q

What do Right Realists argue deters people from committing crimes?

A

Punishments

24
Q

What deviant behaviour will people be deterred from with registers in schools

A

Truanting

24
Q

What do Right Realists say about Foucalts argument?

A

They say people are not deterred from committing crimes due to possibly getting caught

25
Q

Which theory did Clarke create?

A

Rational Choice Theory

25
Q

What form of policing do Right Realists want in society?

A

Zero-tolerance policing

26
Q

Why do Right Realists argue zero-tolerance policing will reduce crime?

A

The cost of committing crimes will be larger than the rewards

26
Q

What does Rational Choice Theory say about why people commit crimes?

A

The rewards are higher than the demands

27
Q

According to Postmodernists, what do the media influence with their reporting on C&D?

A

Fears over crime and deviance

27
Q

What did Kidd-Hewitt and Osborne say?

A

Crime and Deviance are ‘media staples’

28
Q

What did Kidd-Hewitt and Osborne say the aim of ‘media staples are’?

A

Make people buy more newspapers

29
Q

How do consumers of the media feel about crime?

A

They are fearful and fascinated by it

30
Q

How would the Twin Towers apply to people being fearful and fascinated?

A

People were fearful of the terrorism but fascinated with the scale of the event

31
Q

Give an example of a crime people were fascinated by and fearful of in 2017

A

Grenfell Tower Incident

32
Q

What type of society does Beck say we live in?

A

A ‘risk society’

33
Q

What does Beck say has caused the formation of a ‘risk society’?

A

Globalisation

34
Q

How do the media often present criminal behaviour to the public?

A

As a threat

35
Q

Name a crime reported on that causing fear

A

Murder, Kidnapping

35
Q

How would Interactionists feel about Postmodernists saying the media creates C&D fears?

A

Interactionists would agree with them

35
Q

Interactionists would agree with them

A

Mods and Rockers

36
Q

What was the initial deviant act of Mods and Rockers?

A

Fighting on the beach

37
Q

How did the media present the Mods and Rockers conflict?

A

They sensationalised it

38
Q

What did the media create with their reporting on the Mods and Rockers conflict?

A

A moral panic

38
Q

Who became the folk devils in Cohens study?

A

Mods and Rockers

39
Q

How did young people react to media reports on Mods and Rockers?

A

They wanted to get their 5 minutes of fame so joined in

40
Q

How did the police respond to the mods and rockers moral panic?

A

They were more violent towards mods and rockers

40
Q

According to Postmodernists, what policies over crime should be introduced?

A

Restorative Justice Policies

41
Q

What do Henry and Milovanovic argue happens when people commit crimes in terms of power?

A

Criminals take away the power of victims to be their own person

41
Q

What do Henry and Milovanovic suggest about how victims should feel in the CJS?

A

They should be empowered

41
Q

What do restorative justice policies do?

A

‘Redress the balance of harm’

42
Q

What would victims talk about in restorative justice meetings?

A

How the crime made them feel

43
Q

What would occur in restorative justice meetings for the offender?

A

They explain why they committed the crime

44
Q

What would be the intended outcome of restorative justice meetings?

A

The victims would feel their power has been restored

45
Q

What would be an example of restorative justice?

A

A domestic abuse victim finding out why their partner did it

45
Q

Why do Feminists say restorative justice would not work for domestic abuse?

A

If the victim and offender are reconnected, the domestic abuse may restart

46
Q

Who said women are economically dependent on their husband?

A

Dobash and Dobash

46
Q

Which type of crime would Feminists argue restorative justice policies would not be suitable for?

A

Domestic Abuse

46
Q

According to Dobash and Dobash, what might victims offer offenders?

A

Financial stability

47
Q

What crime might husbands commit if they feel they are losing control of their wife?

A

Domestic abuse

47
Q

What did Johnson say husbands try to keep with their wives?

A

Keep control over them

47
Q

Who created the concept of metanarratives?

A

Lyotard

47
Q

What do Postmodernists think about metanarratives?

A

They are outdated for a postmodern society

48
Q

What are metanarratives?

A

Ways that other sociological theories think

49
Q

Who argued crime needed to have a broader definition

A

Henry and Milovanovic

49
Q

How do Henry and Milovanovic want crime to be defined?

A

As any attempt to reduce someones position using power

49
Q

How could poverty be seen as a crime under Henry and Milovanovic’s definition?

A

The position of many individuals have been reduced with the use of power

49
Q

If workers are less able to afford essentials due to minimum wage, what does this mean?

A

Their power is being suppressed

49
Q

What would Functionalists criticise Postmodernists for their redefinition of crime?

A

They make it too broad

49
Q

Who created the concept of Anomie?

A

Durkheim

50
Q

What does Durkheim say anomie is?

A

When people are uncertain on changes in society

50
Q

Who created the concept of value consensus?

A

Durkheim

51
Q

What will happen to the value consensus if anomie occurs?

A

Value consensus will be threatened

Sociology - Crime and Deviance (186 decks)

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