40 Mark Question Plan: Crime and Deviance in relation to Ethnicity Flashcards
How many pargaraphs must you write?
7
What must you do at the end of every main point section for each paragraph?
Link it to the question
What is the purpose of the first and last paragraph?
Introduction, Conclusion
How many main point paragraphs should you write?
5
What does Sewell say will happen for Black Caribbean people if they do not have a father present?
They will not have a male breadwinner role model
What is the structure for each main point paragraph?
PEELE
Name a role model Black Caribbean boys will turn to
Rappers
What will Black Caribbean youths replicate if their role models resist authority?
They will resist authority
What did the Right Realist, Sewell say about the family structure of Black Caribbean families?
More likely to have single parent families
What would Interactionists argue is a larger factor causing crime?
Labelling
Name one value of rappers
Resisting authority
What form of subculture will Black Caribbean youths join if they resist authority?
Anti-school subcultures
What did Becker say about labelling by authorities?
It is more likely to become a master status
What is a master status?
A label that overrides all other characteristics of a person
What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?
When someone fully embodies the label they have been given
What will happen to the person with the master status over time?
They will become a self-fulfillling prophecy?
Who do Black youths experience social pressure from?
Peers
What pressure would Left Realists say Black youths experience?
Pressure to consume
Which Left Realists argued Black youths face pressure to consume?
Lea and Young
Name a new piece of technology black youths are pressured to buy
Iphone 16
Who will Black youths see being able to afford new consumer products?
Middle class youths
What will Black youths do when they are pressured to consume but cannot afford the products?
They will steal
What would Harding say Black youths will do to afford consumer products?
Join county lines gangs
Which analogy did Harding create?
Casino analogy
What does the Casino analogy say?
Young people feel they are getting a lot by being in a county lines gang but they are not
Which Interactionist would say ethnicity is not linked to crime, it is instead the labelling of them that makes it seem like they are linked?
Cicourel
What did Cicourel find police officers had?
A stereotypical view of a ‘typical delinquent’
What do youths lose by joining county lines gangs?
Their freedom
Give the CAGE description of a typical delinquent and where they live
Working class young male from an ethnic minority living in an inner city area
What are police officers more likely to do if they see someone who meets the typical delinquent stereotype?
Stop and search them
What are courts more likely to do if the person on trial is of the ‘typical delinquent’ stereotype?
Prosecute them
Who created the concept of the negotiation of justice?
Cicourel
What is the negotiation of justice?
The interaction between the parents of the offender and police officers
Which Left Realists would say black youths will experience relative deprivation?
Lea and Young
What class and ethnicity of parents are more likely to have a successful negotiation of justice?
Middle class white parents
What is relative deprivation?
When black youths experience poverty worse than others due to social inequalities
Why will working class black parents be less successful with the negotiation of justice?
The police already have labelled their child as a ‘typical delinquent’
Who will black youths see not struggling to pay their rent?
White middle class youths
Which Neo-Marxist would say ethnicity is not linked to crime and police only believe in the myth of black criminality?
Gilroy
What do police officers assume with black people, according to Gilroy?
They have experienced inefficient primary socialisation
According to Gilroy, what will police officers be more likely to do to black people if they believe in the myth of black criminality?
Stop and search them more
What does it mean if black people have experienced inefficient primary socialisation according to police officers?
They have not learnt the importance of having a male breadwinner role model
What does Home Office Data (2020) show with stop and search statistics for black people?
They are 9 times more likely to be stopped and searched by the police
Which Left Realists argue Black youths experience marginalisation?
Lea and Young
According to Lea and Young, how do black youths experience marginalisation in school?
They do not get extra help
According to Lea and Young, how do black youths experience marginalisation in society?
They are treated more harshly by the police
What is the impact of marginalisation on black people in society?
They are more likely to resent authority
If black people are more likely to resent authority, what will they do?
Commit crimes
What would Functionalists say is a larger factor than ethnicity for committing crimes, according to Durkheim?
A weakened value consensus
What is the value consensus?
The shared norms and values in society
What did Durkheim call it when people did not know which norms and values to follow?
Anomie
Why will anomie possibly result in crimes being committed?
People do not know if the behaviour is acceptable
Which Neo-Marxist shows ethnicity and crime may be linked for white people?
Jefferson
Who did Jefferson study?
Teddy Boys
Name a behaviour of the Teddy Boys
Violence
Who were the Teddy Boys violent towards?
The Windrush Generation
Why were the Teddy Boys violent to the Windrush Generation?
They felt they were taking away their working class communities
What would Postmodernists say about structural causes of crime?
There are no structural causes of crime
Which Postmodernists said there were no structural causes of crime?
Henry and Milovanovic
Why did Henry and Milovanovic say there were no structural causes of crime?
Every person has a different reason for committing crimes
Name 2 reasons people may commit murder
Revenge, Rage
