Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology - Crime and Deviance > Functionalist Subcultural Theories > Flashcards

Functionalist Subcultural Theories Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do Functionalists say strain theory can explain for young working class people?

A

Explains why they join deviant subcultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who created strain theory?

A

Merton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

According to Merton, what is the shared goal in the USA?

A

The American Dream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Within the shared goal in the USA, what do people aspire to own?

A

A house and a car

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the socially accepted way to achieve the American Dream?

A

Get a job

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the name for people who try to achieve the American dream by socially acceptable means?

A

Conformists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Would Conformists commit crime?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why would Conformists not commit crimes?

A

Because they want to achieve the American Dream in a socially acceptable way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Would Innovators commit crime?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why would Innovators commit crimes?

A

Because they want to achieve the American Dream in ways that are socially unacceptable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name something Innovators would do to achieve the American Dream

A

Sell drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What would Marxists say about Functionalist subcultural theory explanations as to why working class people commit crime?

A

They fail to explain why middle class people commit crimes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What 2 types of crime do Marxists say middle class people commit?

A

White collar crimes and corporate crimes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which Marxists said middle class people commit white collar crimes as it is less likely they will be prosecuted?

A

Croall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many reasons did Croall create as to why middle class people committed crimes?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name 2 reasons Croall created as to why middle class people will not be prosecuted for white collar crimes

A
  1. Responsibility is diffused 2. It is unlikely the victims and offenders will come face to face
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do Functionalists say status frustration can explain for young working class people?

A

It can explain why they join deviant subcultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who created the concept of status frustration?

A

Cohen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What did Cohen find the boys in his study initially tried to do?

A

Gain status in education similar to middle class students

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What did Cohen find the working class boys did after a short while?

A

Stopped trying to gain status in education as it was too difficult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How did Cohen find the working class boys felt about their failure?

A

They experienced status frustration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why did the working class boys experience status frustration?

A

They felt unable to achieve success in education as working class students

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name 2 deviant behaviours the working class boys engaged in in Cohen’s study

A

Vandalism, Violence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What had the status-frustrated boys done with their values?

A

They had fully deviated them from middle class values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What would Feminists argue about Functionalist subcultural theories?

A

They fail to explain why girls join deviant subcultures

26
Q

What does Jackson call girls who join ASSC’s?

A

Anti-School Subcultures

27
Q

What reason did Jackson find for girls joining ASSC’s ?

A

Fear of Failure

28
Q

What was fear of failure for the girls?

A

They were worried of not doing well in education so decided to not try at all

29
Q

Which Feminist studied girls in gangs?

A

Batchelor

30
Q

What was the family background of the girls in gangs?

A

They had dysfunctional families

31
Q

What were girls looking for by joining gangs?

A

Looking for a sense of belonging

32
Q

How did girls experience gang life differently?

A

They were sexually exploited

33
Q

What do Functionalists say differential opportunity theory can explain for young working class people?

A

Explains why they join deviant subcultures

34
Q

Who created differential opportunity theory?

A

Cloward and Ohlin

35
Q

What did Cloward and Ohlin say most people use for success?

A

Legitimate opportunity structures

36
Q

What do young people turn to if they think they cant succeed using legitimate opportunity structures?

A

Illegitimate opportunity structures

37
Q

Which class of area is more likely to have illegitimate opportunity structures?

A

Working class areas

38
Q

What type of subculture will working class youths initially join as an illegitimate opportunity structure?

A

Criminal subculture

39
Q

What form of subcultures will working class youths turn to if rejected from criminal subcultures?

A

Conflict subcultures

40
Q

What do conflict subcultures focus on?

A

Protecting territory

41
Q

What form of subcultures will working class youths turn to if rejected from conflict subcultures?

A

Retreatist subcultures

42
Q

How do Retreatist subcultures behave?

A

They heavily use drugs

43
Q

Why do Retreatists subcultures follow this behaviour?

A

They have not been able to gain status in any other part of society

44
Q

What would Postmodernists say about Functionalist subcultural theories?

A

They are outdated

45
Q

What would Lyotard say about Functionalist subcultural theories?

A

They are an outdated metanarrative that no longer explains crime

46
Q

What concept did Lyotard create?

A

Fragmentation of society

47
Q

Who said there are no structural causes of crime?

A

Henry and Milovanovic

48
Q

Why did Henry and Milovanovic say there are no structural causes of crime?

A

There are too many reasons to why individuals commit crime

49
Q

What do Functionalists say working class youths having different focal concerns will lead to?

A

Lead to them joining deviant subcultures

50
Q

Which Functionalist said working class boys were socialised into values more likely to make them join deviant subcultures?

A

Miller

51
Q

What did Miller call the distinct values working class boys were taught making them join deviant subcultures?

A

Focal concerns

52
Q

What did Miller argue focal concerns were a form of?

A

Cultural deprivation

53
Q

What did it mean if Miller felt focal concerns were cultural deprivation?

A

The values working class boys were taught were inferior to middle class values

54
Q

What did the fate focal concern teach working class boys?

A

That they would not be able to improve their social status

55
Q

What did the toughness focal concern teach working class boys?

A

That they had to prove they were tough

56
Q

How did working class boys prove they were tough?

A

Fighting

57
Q

What would Marxists say about Functionalists believe working class boys are taught inferior norms and values?

A

This argument is too generalised

58
Q

What would Marxists say enforces the negative stereotype against working class people?

A

The media

59
Q

Who wrote the book “Chavs”?

A

Owen Jones

60
Q

What did Owen Jones say about media depiction of the working class?

A

The media made all working class people look lazy and claim benefits and committing crime

61
Q

What does Owen Jones say the reality is for most working class people?

A

They have jobs and do not commit crimes

Sociology - Crime and Deviance (180 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions