40 Mark Question Plan: Crime and Deviance in relation to Class Flashcards

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1
Q

What will the question say if it is to do with class?

A

Discuss the view that crime is linked to social class

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2
Q

How many paragraphs must you write?

A

7

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3
Q

Which 2 paragraphs that are not main point paragraphs do you need?

A

Introduction, Conclusion

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4
Q

What must you do after giving your main supporting point in an argument?

A

Link it to the question

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5
Q

How many main point paragraphs must you have?

A

5

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6
Q

What is the structure for writing main point paragraphs?

A

PEELE

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7
Q

Which Functionalists created the idea of opportunity structures?

A

Cloward and Ohlin

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8
Q

What did Cloward and Ohlin say were the 2 opportunity structure types?

A

Legitimate opportunity structures, illegitimate opportunity structures

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9
Q

What are legitimate opportunity structures?

A

Ways in society to achieve status that are acceptable

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10
Q

What are illegitimate opportunity structures?

A

Ways to achieve status that are unacceptable

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11
Q

Which social class area is more likely to have illegitimate opportunity structures?

A

Working class areas

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12
Q

Name a type of deviant subculture working class youths will join to try and gain status through violence

A

Conflict subculture

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13
Q

What do conflict subcultures do?

A

Protect territories

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14
Q

Name a type of deviant subculture working class youths will join to try and gain status through drug use

A

Retreatist subculture

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15
Q

How would Interactionists argue against this first Functionalist point?

A

They would say crime is due to labelling

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16
Q

What did Cicourel find police had?

A

A stereotypical view of a typical delinquent

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17
Q

Give the full CAGE explanation for the typical delinquent and where they live

A

Working class young male from an ethnic minority living in an inner city area.

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18
Q

What were police officers more likely to do if someone met the typical delinquent stereotype?

A

Stop and search them

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19
Q

If the typical delinquent stereotype group of people were always treated harshly by the police, how would they feel about authority?

A

They would oppose authority

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20
Q

What would working class people do if they had been negatively labelled by the police?

A

Go against the law

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21
Q

Name a Right Realist who would say crime is linked to social class

A

Murray

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22
Q

What does Murray argue for working class boys?

A

They have experienced inefficient primary socialisation

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23
Q

What does Murray describe working class people who commit crime as?

A

The underclass

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24
Q

What does Murray say will happen if working class boys do not have a father present?

A

They do not understand the importance of having a male role model who is a breadwinner

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25
Q

What will happen for working class boys if they do not have a male breadwinner role model?

A

They do not understand the importance of work

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26
Q

Which CAGE factor would Official Crime Statistics argue is a larger factor for crime?

A

Ethnicity

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27
Q

What does 2020 Ministry of Justice Data show?

A

Black people are overrepresented in prison by 10%

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28
Q

Which Neo-Marxists argued WC people commit crime as a deliberate political act?

A

Taylor, Walton and Young

29
Q

According to Taylor, Walton and Young, what are WC people doing by committing crimes?

A

Redistributing wealth from the rich to the poor

30
Q

Give an example of WC people redistributing wealth via a crime

A

If they stole food from a supermarket

31
Q

What would Feminists say about which factor links to crime more?

A

Gender

32
Q

Who created the concept of ‘deals’ in society?

A

Carlen

33
Q

What 2 deals did Carlen say there were?

A

Class deal, Gender deal

34
Q

What does the class deal say?

A

If women work hard they are financially rewarded with a stable middle class life

35
Q

What does the gender deal say?

A

If women follow their gender roles they will be emotionally rewarded with a family

36
Q

What did Carlen say about why women will commit crimes?

A

They commit crimes if they cannot conform to the deals in society

37
Q

Why do some women feel they cannot conform to the class deal?

A

They do not have the qualifications to get a well-paying job

38
Q

Why do some women feel they cannot conform to the gender deal?

A

They have been in abusive relationships in the past

39
Q

Which Functionalist would say crime is linked to social class in terms of frustration?

A

Cohen

40
Q

What happened to the WC boys in school when the work became difficult?

A

They gave up

40
Q

Which Functionalist would say crime is linked to social class in terms of values taught?

A

Miller

41
Q

What did Cohen find a group of working class boys tried to do in school?

A

Tried to achieve status in education

42
Q

What concept did Cohen create?

A

Status frustration

42
Q

What did the boys in Cohen’s study blame their failure in school on?

A

Their social status

43
Q

What did the WC boys in Cohen’s study do after failing in school?

A

They formed an anti-school subculture

43
Q

Name 2 forms of behaviour the working class boys in Cohen’s study engaged in

A

Vandalism, Violence

44
Q

What are Focal concerns?

A

The values that are taught in the working class

45
Q

What concept did Miller create?

A

Focal concerns

46
Q

What did Miller say about the working class values that are taught?

A

They are inferior to middle class norms and values

47
Q

Name a focal concern Miller described

A

Valuing strength over intelligence

48
Q

Why does Miller say focal concerns lead to more crimes among the working class?

A

They try to prove they are following these values

49
Q

What factor would Left Realists say crime is linked to instead?

A

Ethnicity

50
Q

Which Left Realists say black youths are marginalised?

A

Lea and Young

51
Q

How do Lea and Young say black youths are marginalised in school?

A

They are not given extra help in their lessons

52
Q

How do Lea and Young say black youths are marginalised in society?

A

Police officers treat them more harshly

53
Q

What do Lea and Young say is the impact of marginalisation of black youths in society?

A

They will grow to resent the authorities

54
Q

What would Marxists say about social class and crime supporting the argument that crime can be linked to social class?

A

Upper class people can also commit crimes

55
Q

Which Marxist said corporate crimes do more harm than street crime?

A

Snider

56
Q

Name an Oil Spill that caused a lot of environmental harm

A

BP Oil Spill

57
Q

How many barrels of oil went into the ocean a day in the BP Oil Spill?

A

90,000 barrels a day

58
Q

Which Marxist would argue upper class people will commit corporate crimes because they know they will not get caught?

A

Croall

59
Q

What did Croall say was a reason for corporate crime offenders not getting caught in terms of responsibility?

A

Responsibility is diffused

60
Q

What did Croall say was a reason for corporate crime offenders not getting caught in terms of victims knowing they are victims?

A

Victims may not know a crime has been committed against them

61
Q

What did Croall say was a reason for corporate crime offenders not getting caught in terms of victims meeting offenders?

A

Victims would likely never come face to face with offenders

62
Q

What would Postmodernists say to argue against the view that social class and crime are linked?

A

There are no structural causes of crime

63
Q

Which Postmodernists would say there are no structural causes of crime?

A

Henry and Milovanovic

64
Q

Why would Henry and Milovanovic say there are no structural causes of crime?

A

Every individual has their own complex reasons for committing crimes

65
Q

Name a crime that Henry and Milovanovic would say could have many different reasons for why it was committed

A

Murder

66
Q

Name 2 possible causes other than capitalism possibly influencing a murder?

A

Revenge, Rage