40 Mark Question Plan: Crime and Deviance in relation to Class Flashcards
What will the question say if it is to do with class?
Discuss the view that crime is linked to social class
How many paragraphs must you write?
7
Which 2 paragraphs that are not main point paragraphs do you need?
Introduction, Conclusion
What must you do after giving your main supporting point in an argument?
Link it to the question
How many main point paragraphs must you have?
5
What is the structure for writing main point paragraphs?
PEELE
Which Functionalists created the idea of opportunity structures?
Cloward and Ohlin
What did Cloward and Ohlin say were the 2 opportunity structure types?
Legitimate opportunity structures, illegitimate opportunity structures
What are legitimate opportunity structures?
Ways in society to achieve status that are acceptable
What are illegitimate opportunity structures?
Ways to achieve status that are unacceptable
Which social class area is more likely to have illegitimate opportunity structures?
Working class areas
Name a type of deviant subculture working class youths will join to try and gain status through violence
Conflict subculture
What do conflict subcultures do?
Protect territories
Name a type of deviant subculture working class youths will join to try and gain status through drug use
Retreatist subculture
How would Interactionists argue against this first Functionalist point?
They would say crime is due to labelling
What did Cicourel find police had?
A stereotypical view of a typical delinquent
Give the full CAGE explanation for the typical delinquent and where they live
Working class young male from an ethnic minority living in an inner city area.
What were police officers more likely to do if someone met the typical delinquent stereotype?
Stop and search them
If the typical delinquent stereotype group of people were always treated harshly by the police, how would they feel about authority?
They would oppose authority
What would working class people do if they had been negatively labelled by the police?
Go against the law
Name a Right Realist who would say crime is linked to social class
Murray
What does Murray argue for working class boys?
They have experienced inefficient primary socialisation
What does Murray describe working class people who commit crime as?
The underclass
What does Murray say will happen if working class boys do not have a father present?
They do not understand the importance of having a male role model who is a breadwinner
What will happen for working class boys if they do not have a male breadwinner role model?
They do not understand the importance of work
Which CAGE factor would Official Crime Statistics argue is a larger factor for crime?
Ethnicity
What does 2020 Ministry of Justice Data show?
Black people are overrepresented in prison by 10%
Which Neo-Marxists argued WC people commit crime as a deliberate political act?
Taylor, Walton and Young
According to Taylor, Walton and Young, what are WC people doing by committing crimes?
Redistributing wealth from the rich to the poor
Give an example of WC people redistributing wealth via a crime
If they stole food from a supermarket
What would Feminists say about which factor links to crime more?
Gender
Who created the concept of ‘deals’ in society?
Carlen
What 2 deals did Carlen say there were?
Class deal, Gender deal
What does the class deal say?
If women work hard they are financially rewarded with a stable middle class life
What does the gender deal say?
If women follow their gender roles they will be emotionally rewarded with a family
What did Carlen say about why women will commit crimes?
They commit crimes if they cannot conform to the deals in society
Why do some women feel they cannot conform to the class deal?
They do not have the qualifications to get a well-paying job
Why do some women feel they cannot conform to the gender deal?
They have been in abusive relationships in the past
Which Functionalist would say crime is linked to social class in terms of frustration?
Cohen
What happened to the WC boys in school when the work became difficult?
They gave up
Which Functionalist would say crime is linked to social class in terms of values taught?
Miller
What did Cohen find a group of working class boys tried to do in school?
Tried to achieve status in education
What concept did Cohen create?
Status frustration
What did the boys in Cohen’s study blame their failure in school on?
Their social status
What did the WC boys in Cohen’s study do after failing in school?
They formed an anti-school subculture
Name 2 forms of behaviour the working class boys in Cohen’s study engaged in
Vandalism, Violence
What are Focal concerns?
The values that are taught in the working class
What concept did Miller create?
Focal concerns
What did Miller say about the working class values that are taught?
They are inferior to middle class norms and values
Name a focal concern Miller described
Valuing strength over intelligence
Why does Miller say focal concerns lead to more crimes among the working class?
They try to prove they are following these values
What factor would Left Realists say crime is linked to instead?
Ethnicity
Which Left Realists say black youths are marginalised?
Lea and Young
How do Lea and Young say black youths are marginalised in school?
They are not given extra help in their lessons
How do Lea and Young say black youths are marginalised in society?
Police officers treat them more harshly
What do Lea and Young say is the impact of marginalisation of black youths in society?
They will grow to resent the authorities
What would Marxists say about social class and crime supporting the argument that crime can be linked to social class?
Upper class people can also commit crimes
Which Marxist said corporate crimes do more harm than street crime?
Snider
Name an Oil Spill that caused a lot of environmental harm
BP Oil Spill
How many barrels of oil went into the ocean a day in the BP Oil Spill?
90,000 barrels a day
Which Marxist would argue upper class people will commit corporate crimes because they know they will not get caught?
Croall
What did Croall say was a reason for corporate crime offenders not getting caught in terms of responsibility?
Responsibility is diffused
What did Croall say was a reason for corporate crime offenders not getting caught in terms of victims knowing they are victims?
Victims may not know a crime has been committed against them
What did Croall say was a reason for corporate crime offenders not getting caught in terms of victims meeting offenders?
Victims would likely never come face to face with offenders
What would Postmodernists say to argue against the view that social class and crime are linked?
There are no structural causes of crime
Which Postmodernists would say there are no structural causes of crime?
Henry and Milovanovic
Why would Henry and Milovanovic say there are no structural causes of crime?
Every individual has their own complex reasons for committing crimes
Name a crime that Henry and Milovanovic would say could have many different reasons for why it was committed
Murder
Name 2 possible causes other than capitalism possibly influencing a murder?
Revenge, Rage
