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Kine 1020 > Respiratory Physiology - Lecture 11 > Flashcards

Respiratory Physiology - Lecture 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Systemic Circulation

A

Carrier of blood from the heart to the body

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2
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

Blood carried from the heart to lungs to become oxygenated.

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3
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract

A

Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx

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4
Q

Warms air to body temp., Humidifies air around it, filters air, and is the sense of smell

A

Nasal Cavity

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5
Q

Junction of oral and nasal cavity, warms/cools, humidifies air, also part of digestive system

A

Pharynx

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6
Q

Vocal cords, protects the lungs, coughing and throat clearing reflexes

A

Larynx

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7
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract

A

Trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveoli

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8
Q

Where does gas exchange primarily occur?

A

Alveoli

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9
Q

Conductive zone

A

Air is being transported through these; not gas exchange. Goes from the trachea to the bronchioles

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10
Q

Respiratory Zone

A

Gas exchange occurs through the many capillaries outside the alveoli. This zone contains respiratory bronchioles and Alveoli.

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11
Q

Does Asthma affect the conductive zone or the respiratory zone?

A

Conductive zone.

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12
Q

What happens to the airways as air goes down them

A

As air passes through the airways, the airways get smaller in diameter, but it opens the air to a vast amount of branches of bronchioles.

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13
Q

Primary site of gas exchange, tightly networked with capillaries, and has surfactant on the wall to lower surface tension.

A

Alveoli

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14
Q

Gas Exchange

A

Driven by differences in pressure, “Pressure Gradient”

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15
Q

How gas exchange works in the lungs?

A

RBC in our capillaries come from the pulmonary artery where CO2 is offloaded and O2 is loaded onto the HB molecule. The RBC’s take the O2 to the heart through the pulmonary veins

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16
Q

Oxygen Diffusion from the Alveoli to the Blood

A

1) O2 in the alveoli that came from the outside air we breathed diffuses to deoxygenated blood coming from pulmonary artery

2) O2 travels to tissue and Po2 is greater in the blood

3) Partial Pressure occurs and O2 moves to tissues

4) The remaining O2 goes back to the alveoli and the pressure of O2 is more in the alveoli starting the cycle over again

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17
Q

Carbon Dioxide Diffusion from the Blood to the Alveoli

A

1) There is more CO2 in the blood than in the alveoli, so it moves down its pressure gradient.

2) The pressure of CO2 in the bloodstream is less than what’s in the tissues as the tissues are starving for O2.

3) CO2 moves from the tissues to the bloodstream (down the pressure gradient)

4)Finally, when returning to the alveoli, CO2 pressure is greater in the blood (deoxygenated) than in the alveoli.

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18
Q

What forms does CO2 travel in

A

Bicarbonate (preventing the blood from becoming too acidic), Bound to Hemoglobin, dissolved in plasma

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19
Q

What form does O2 travel in the blood

A

95% bounded to HB molecule
5% dissolves in plasma

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20
Q

Hemoglobin

A

4 binding sites for O2; millions of HB molecules

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21
Q

Why is having more blood cells inefficient?

A

Leads to sticker blood and possible clots

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22
Q

Pulmonary Volumes

A

Total Lung Capacity, Tidal Volumes, Inspiratory/Expiratory Volumes, Residual Volume

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23
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

forceful inhalation of air

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24
Q

Tidal volume

A

Oscillating wave representing normal inhalation and exhalation

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25
Q

Expiratory Respiratory Volume

A

Pushing air out forcefully until you can no longer do so.

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26
Q

Residual Volume

A

The amount of air left in lungs after forcefully breathing out entirely; this is the air you can’t breathe out

27
Q

Vital Capacity

A

Consists of Tidal, Inspiratory, and expiratory volumes; vital for life

28
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

Total amount of air in inspiration

29
Q

3 Respiratory Disease Categories

A

1) Pulmonary Circulatory Disease
2) Restrictive Lung Disease
3) Obstructive Lung Disease

30
Q

What does Restrictive mean in terms of the lungs?

A

Restricting the lungs ability to expand.

31
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

Build up of a clot in the Inferior Vena Cava

32
Q

Treatments for Pulmonary Embolism

A

Anticoagulants, Oxygen, removal of embolism, Filter blood of clots.

33
Q

What are Anticoagulants?

A

Blood thinners; great at preventing clots.

34
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

Restrictive Disease; pink tissue can expand but can’t get enough oxygen. Chest wall can’t expand.

35
Q

What effects do Restrictive Lung Tissue Diseases have?

A
  • Structure of the lung is affected.
  • It feels like a tight vest which does not allow for a deep breath to be taken
36
Q

How can obesity be a Restrictive Lung Disease

A

If Obesity in chest then it can act as restrictive

37
Q

Stiff Lung caused by Pulmonary Fibrosis does not allow…?

A

Exchange of gases because scarring of lung tissue.

38
Q

Fibrotic Lung

A

Lung tissue had been replaced by connective tissue

39
Q

Caused by cystic fibrosis, smoking or asbestos

A
  • Fibrotic Lung
40
Q

Pulmonary Fibrosis (Caused by)?

A
  • Caused by infections
  • environmental agents like asbestos and silica
  • chronic inflammation
41
Q

What pulmonary fibrosis leads to

A

Scarring and stiffer lung tissue; exerts pressure inward on alveoli. Unrepairable

42
Q

Asthma

A

Upper airways close off in response to an allergen; hardly get any air out with each tidal volume

43
Q

Airways tighten and narrow as well as produce mucus (Asthma)

A

Inflammatory Response

44
Q

Bronchospasm

A

Muscles around the airways tighten

45
Q

FEV1 Test (Asthma)

A

Tests how fast you can get air out of system; healthy takes 1 second.

46
Q

Typical Asthma Symptoms

A

Breathlessness, Tight Chest, Wheezing, Cough

47
Q

Emergency Symptoms (Asthma)

A

Bluish colour to the lips and face, decreased level of alertness, difficulty breathing

48
Q

Treatment Include

A

Relievers, Controllers, Preventers

49
Q

Relievers

A

Quick Acting Bronchodilators

50
Q

Controllers

A

Longer acting Anti-Inflammatory/Bronchodilators

51
Q

Preventers

A

Inhaled Costicosteroids

52
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Group of disease that makes it very hard to breathe)

A

Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema

53
Q

What does Obstructive mean in terms of the lungs?

A

Obstructs air from going into the airways (constricts airflow; small airways)

54
Q

Chronic Bronchitis is the start to COPD

A

Initial stage of COPD

55
Q

Coughing all the time (producing mucus that obstructs and constricts airways); damages lungs

A

Chronic Bronchitis effects

56
Q

Lung irritation –> Bronchial tubes inflamed –> Inner lining swells –> excessive, thick mucus

A

What happens during Chronic Bronchitis

57
Q

Where is Chronic Bronchitis ranked in terms of leading cause of death

A

5th leading cause of death in Canada

58
Q

Air flow obstruction is damaged

A

Other effects of Chronic Bronchitis

59
Q

Symptoms of Bronchitis

A

Frequent cough producing mucus, mild fever, fatigue, Wheezing sounds

60
Q

Acute Bronchitis Treatment

A

Drink plenty of fluids, rest, don’t smoke, need to wait it out if viral

61
Q

Chronic Bronchitis Treatment

A

Quit Smoking, Bronchodilators, Steroids, Oxygen Therapy, Pulmonary Rehab

62
Q

What is Emphysema?

A

Chronic Bronchitis that has lasted for years and causes the lung tissue to die and be replaced by Fibrotic tissue.

63
Q

What get’s damaged due to Emphysema

A

Alveolar sacs get damaged; gas exchange gets reduced.

Kine 1020 (43 decks)

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