Muscle Dysfunction - Lecture 34

Question 1

How are sarcopenia and dynapenia different?

Answer 1

Dynapenia relates to muscle strength while sarcopenia relates to muscle mass

Question 2

Which one takes more affect through aging? Dynapenia or Sarcopenia?

Answer 2

Dynapenia as neuromuscular changes counts for 90% of lost muscle strength.

Question 3

Acute Muscle Soreness

Answer 3

Pain during or immediately after exercise

Question 4

What are symptoms of acute muscle soreness

Answer 4

• Accumulation of metabolic by-products (H+)
• Tissue edema

Question 5

What is tissue edema?

Answer 5

fluid shifting from blood plasma into tissues

Question 6

DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)

Answer 6

24-48 hours post exercise and can last up to 3 days

Question 7

Symptoms of DOMS

Answer 7

• Tenderness
• Range of motion limitation
• Fatigue
• Short terms losses in strength

Question 8

What is DOMS caused by?

Answer 8

Inflammatory response to micro tears caused by High intensity resistance EX. (Not lactate buildup)

Question 9

Who is DOMS most common among?

Answer 9

New exercisers or new stimulus

Question 10

Misconception of DOMS

Answer 10

Need DOMS to occur for adaptation

Question 11

Alleviating Symptoms for DOMS

Answer 11

• Gentle Movement
• Massage
• Foam Rolling
• Heat/Cold

Question 12

How is DOMS preventable

Answer 12

Warm-up/Cool down & slow progression + hydration

Question 13

Rhabdomyolysis

Answer 13

Striated Muscle Breakdown (Skeletal muscle)

Question 14

What is Rhabdo Caused by?

Answer 14

• Heavy strength training without rest
• Injury/trauma

Question 15

Symptoms of Rhabdo

Answer 15

• Weakness
• Dark Urine colour (proteins found in urine)
• Muscle Swelling

Question 16

Seriousness of Rhabdo

Answer 16

Can cause kidney failure & death

Question 17

What is Rhabdomyolysis characterized as

Answer 17

Break down of muscle tissue

Question 18

What happens internally during rhabdo?

Answer 18

• Toxic components in circulation end up in kidneys
• Myoglobin and proteins enter bloodstream

Question 19

What’s an indicator of rhabdomyolysis

Answer 19

High levels of Creatine Kinase in the blood

Question 20

Treatments for Rhabdomyolysis

Answer 20

• IV Fluid
• PT
• Dialysis (if kidneys start to fail)

Question 21

Relationship of Crossfit and Rhabdo

Answer 21

Culture that is glorifying a life threatening condition

Question 22

Fibromyalgia

Answer 22

Chronic Muscle Disorder

Question 23

How is Fibromyalgia characterized?

Answer 23

• Widespread Pain
• Fatigue, sleep disturbance
• Cognitive issues

Question 24

Symptoms of Fibromyalgia

Answer 24

• Migraine
• IBS
• Jaw Pain
• Anxiety & Depression

Question 25

What happens when symptoms start for Fibromyalgia? (Symptom Onset)

Answer 25

Start to feel these “flare-ups” and they’re usually triggered by physical and psychological stressors

Question 26

Cause of Fibromyalgia

Answer 26

Repetition of nerve stimulation alters how brain senses pain

• Amplifies pain

Question 27

What are some risk factors of getting Fibromyalgia?

Answer 27

• Female
• Family History
• Osteoarthritis

Question 28

How is fibromyalgia diagnosed?

Answer 28

Diagnosis of exclusion

(Rules out everything it’s not and left with what it can be)

Question 29

What is a key factor in diagnosing fibromyalgia

Answer 29

Widespread pain in 4/5 areas of the body

• Upper & Lower Left to Right Regions
• Axial Region

Question 30

Treatment for Fibromyalgia

Answer 30

Mainly alleviation techniques

• Stress reduction and exercise (restore functional ability)

Question 31

Muscle Dystrophy

Answer 31

A group of muscle diseases that are genetically inherited causing progressive muscle weakness

Question 32

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)

Answer 32

• Most common form of muscle dystrophy
• Inherited from mother

Question 33

What does DMD do internally?

Answer 33

Alters dystrophin protein expression (a protein used for building muscle)

Question 34

What happens when dystrophin is low?

Answer 34

Can’t replace and build new muscle fibres; fat accumulates

Question 35

Risk Factors of DMD

Answer 35

• Males mostly
• 2-6 years of age detected
• Causes lung and heart issues

Question 36

Symptoms of DMD

Answer 36

• Progressive muscle atrophy
• Falls
• Calf muscle hypertrophy
• Cognitive impairment
• Development Delay

Question 37

Diagnosis of DMD

Answer 37

• 10-20X CK in blood
• Genetic testing
• Muscle biopsy
• EKG

Question 38

Gower sign

Answer 38

An indicator where putting hands on knees before standing up

Question 39

Treatment for DMD

Answer 39

Maintaining what you have

• Steroids
• PT
• Exercise
• Mobility Aids
• Cardiomyopathy

Question 40

What’s the end result of DMD

Answer 40

Wheelchair at 12 years
Life expectancy: 25-30

Question 41

ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Scleorosis)

Answer 41

Neuromuscular disorder that affects motor neurons

Question 42

Damages in Upper motor neurons corresponds to…

Answer 42

Stiffness/spasticity

Question 43

Damage in Lower motor neurons corresponds to…

Answer 43

Atrophy/twitching

Question 44

Overtime effects of having ALS

Answer 44

Muscle atrophy & weakness along with loss of independence

Question 45

Prognosis (eventual death) of ALS is caused by what and on average how long?

Answer 45

Respiratory (3-5 years after diagnosis)

Question 46

Is ALS genetically inherited?

Answer 46

No; 90-95% are random

Question 47

Symptoms of ALS

Answer 47

• Muscle weakness
• Atrophy
• Shortness of Breath
• Frequent Chest Infections
• Excess Saliva production
• Stiffness

Question 48

When is ALS usually detected

Answer 48

55-75 among Caucasians

Question 49

Diagnosis of ALS

Answer 49

• Neurological Exam
• EMG Studies
• Nerve conduction studies

Question 50

Treatment of ALS

Answer 50

Maintaining and maximizing what you have left

• PT
• Speech Therapy
• Assistive devices
• Pharmocotherapy