Muscle Dysfunction - Lecture 34 Flashcards
How are sarcopenia and dynapenia different?
Dynapenia relates to muscle strength while sarcopenia relates to muscle mass
Which one takes more affect through aging? Dynapenia or Sarcopenia?
Dynapenia as neuromuscular changes counts for 90% of lost muscle strength.
Acute Muscle Soreness
Pain during or immediately after exercise
What are symptoms of acute muscle soreness
- Accumulation of metabolic by-products (H+)
- Tissue edema
What is tissue edema?
fluid shifting from blood plasma into tissues
DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness)
24-48 hours post exercise and can last up to 3 days
Symptoms of DOMS
- Tenderness
- Range of motion limitation
- Fatigue
- Short terms losses in strength
What is DOMS caused by?
Inflammatory response to micro tears caused by High intensity resistance EX. (Not lactate buildup)
Who is DOMS most common among?
New exercisers or new stimulus
Misconception of DOMS
Need DOMS to occur for adaptation
Alleviating Symptoms for DOMS
- Gentle Movement
- Massage
- Foam Rolling
- Heat/Cold
How is DOMS preventable
Warm-up/Cool down & slow progression + hydration
Rhabdomyolysis
Striated Muscle Breakdown (Skeletal muscle)
What is Rhabdo Caused by?
- Heavy strength training without rest
- Injury/trauma
Symptoms of Rhabdo
- Weakness
- Dark Urine colour (proteins found in urine)
- Muscle Swelling
Seriousness of Rhabdo
Can cause kidney failure & death
What is Rhabdomyolysis characterized as
Break down of muscle tissue
What happens internally during rhabdo?
- Toxic components in circulation end up in kidneys
- Myoglobin and proteins enter bloodstream
What’s an indicator of rhabdomyolysis
High levels of Creatine Kinase in the blood
Treatments for Rhabdomyolysis
- IV Fluid
- PT
- Dialysis (if kidneys start to fail)
Relationship of Crossfit and Rhabdo
Culture that is glorifying a life threatening condition
Fibromyalgia
Chronic Muscle Disorder
How is Fibromyalgia characterized?
- Widespread Pain
- Fatigue, sleep disturbance
- Cognitive issues
Symptoms of Fibromyalgia
- Migraine
- IBS
- Jaw Pain
- Anxiety & Depression
What happens when symptoms start for Fibromyalgia? (Symptom Onset)
Start to feel these “flare-ups” and they’re usually triggered by physical and psychological stressors
Cause of Fibromyalgia
Repetition of nerve stimulation alters how brain senses pain
- Amplifies pain
What are some risk factors of getting Fibromyalgia?
- Female
- Family History
- Osteoarthritis
How is fibromyalgia diagnosed?
Diagnosis of exclusion
(Rules out everything it’s not and left with what it can be)
What is a key factor in diagnosing fibromyalgia
Widespread pain in 4/5 areas of the body
- Upper & Lower Left to Right Regions
- Axial Region
Treatment for Fibromyalgia
Mainly alleviation techniques
- Stress reduction and exercise (restore functional ability)
Muscle Dystrophy
A group of muscle diseases that are genetically inherited causing progressive muscle weakness
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)
- Most common form of muscle dystrophy
- Inherited from mother
What does DMD do internally?
Alters dystrophin protein expression (a protein used for building muscle)
What happens when dystrophin is low?
Can’t replace and build new muscle fibres; fat accumulates
Risk Factors of DMD
- Males mostly
- 2-6 years of age detected
- Causes lung and heart issues
Symptoms of DMD
- Progressive muscle atrophy
- Falls
- Calf muscle hypertrophy
- Cognitive impairment
- Development Delay
Diagnosis of DMD
- 10-20X CK in blood
- Genetic testing
- Muscle biopsy
- EKG
Gower sign
An indicator where putting hands on knees before standing up
Treatment for DMD
Maintaining what you have
- Steroids
- PT
- Exercise
- Mobility Aids
- Cardiomyopathy
What’s the end result of DMD
Wheelchair at 12 years
Life expectancy: 25-30
ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Scleorosis)
Neuromuscular disorder that affects motor neurons
Damages in Upper motor neurons corresponds to…
Stiffness/spasticity
Damage in Lower motor neurons corresponds to…
Atrophy/twitching
Overtime effects of having ALS
Muscle atrophy & weakness along with loss of independence
Prognosis (eventual death) of ALS is caused by what and on average how long?
Respiratory (3-5 years after diagnosis)
Is ALS genetically inherited?
No; 90-95% are random
Symptoms of ALS
- Muscle weakness
- Atrophy
- Shortness of Breath
- Frequent Chest Infections
- Excess Saliva production
- Stiffness
When is ALS usually detected
55-75 among Caucasians
Diagnosis of ALS
- Neurological Exam
- EMG Studies
- Nerve conduction studies
Treatment of ALS
Maintaining and maximizing what you have left
- PT
- Speech Therapy
- Assistive devices
- Pharmocotherapy
