Bone Health II + RED-S - Lecture 36 Flashcards
How to Prevent and Treat Bone Health
Diet, Exercise and Medication
What is essential for Bone Health & strengthen bone
Calcium (adequate amounts)
Why is calcium important?
Bones are made of calcium and they uptake the strength and health of the bones.
Trend for Recommended Dietary Allowances for calcium?
Youth and Older Adults need more
Why is RDA high for Youth and Older Adults
Need to strengthen at youth and minimize loss as older adults.
Why is vitamin D essential in one’s diet?
Promotes the absorption of Calcium
Why does RDA for Vit. D increase after 70 yrs of age
To keep old bones from becoming easily fractured and absorb calcium
Why should protein be in the diet?
Improves bone mass & density
Why would improving bone mass and density be decreasing risk for fracture?
If osteoporotic, fracture is likely, but protein intake increases bone mass and density to reduce the likeliness of developing osteoporosis and therefore decrease fracture risk.
Why should you combine calcium with protein?
Calcium must be present in adequate amounts to take advantage of the benefits from protein intake.
How is exercise related to bone health?
Exercise used as prevention and treatment for bone health
How does prevention of bone tissue work with exercise?
Bone tissue can be remodelled with responses to ground reactions and muscle contraction
What are types of exercises to bring tension upon skeletal muscle to maximize bone health?
Resistance exercise, weight barring exercise.
Trends in Intensity for impact on bone loading from Youth to Osteoporosis
Start at high intensity and lower as you age and start to possibly develop osteoporosis.
Trends in Duration and Frequency going from Youth to Osteoporotic.
Increase duration and frequency of exercise as you go to adulthood.
Main type of exercise for bone health in adults?
Weight Barring Exercise.
How would Medications promote bone health?
Medication that would inhibit osteoclasts and strengthen osteoblasts
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Increase in Estrogen and Progestin normalizes bone turnover
Bisphosphonates
Inhibits osteoclasts; reduce fracture risk by 50%
Teriparatide
Promote Osteoblasts
Purpose of the drugs
To alter the bone mass and the ratio of bone absorption and bone remodelling.
What is Female Athlete Triad
Combination of Osteoporosis, Amenorrhea and Disordered Eating amongst female athletes
RED-S
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport
What is RED-S
Like the triad but much more deeper physiological and psychological impacts; plus impacts on health and performance of athletes
Low Energy Availability is
Inadequate energy intake relative to exercise energy expenditure
True Definition of RED-S
Syndrome referring to impaired physiological+psychological functions associated with low energy availability
What are the reasons for health consequences associated with RED-S
Not consuming enough calories relative to energy expenditure
How is performance a consequence of RED-S
Psychological and congnitive factors as well as strength fluctuating
What are some sports that are at high risk for performance depletion due to RED-S
Gymnastics, Figure Skating (Sports that involve aesthetics and subjective assessments)
How can we prevent RED-S
- Be aware of RED-S
- Educate athletes, coaches, parents, everyone.
Treating RED-S
- Increase caloric intake
- Decrease exercise
- Psychological Therapy
