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Kine 1020 > Body Composition - Lecture 18 > Flashcards

Body Composition - Lecture 18 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common measure of Obesity?

A

BMI

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2
Q

BMI was not meant to measure obesity

A

It’s just a linear relationship between weight and height.

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3
Q

What do cut points indicate in terms of BMI

A

Indicates the risk of death depending on one’s BMI

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4
Q

What’s the correlation of BMI and Fat Tissue

A

Increased BMI = Increased Fat Tissue

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5
Q

How many classes of Obesity are there?

A

3 classes

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6
Q

BMI Class 1

A

30.0-34.9

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7
Q

Level of Risk in Class 1

A

High Risk

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8
Q

BMI Class 2

A

35.0-39.9

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9
Q

Level of Risk in Class 2

A

Very High Risk

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10
Q

BMI Class 3

A

≥40.0

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11
Q

Level of Risk Class 3

A

Extremely High Risk

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12
Q

Asian Decent

A

Cut Points are a bit lower for each classification

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13
Q

What two things are body mass (composition) divided into

A

Fat and Fat-Free Mass

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14
Q

What is Fat-Free Mass?

A

Everything not including fat.

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15
Q

Fat Mass

A

All Fat Tissue in the body

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16
Q

What are ways to measure fat since BMI isn’t a way

A

Densitometry, Dissection, MRI, CT, DEXA, BIA, Ultrasound, Anthropometry, Skinfold Measures

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17
Q

Densitometry

A

Measure of how dense one is through weight/volume

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18
Q

What would more fat mass indicate?

A

Lower density; floats to top

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19
Q

Fat free mass indicator in densitometry

A

More lean muscle and dense bones would mean sinking to bottom. (Less fat mass)

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20
Q

2 ways in measuring density

A

Hydrostatic & Air Displacement

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21
Q

Hydrostatic Method

A

Looking at weight differences when in water compared to air

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22
Q

Air Displacement method

A

Changing the volume air in bodpod and then looking at the difference in pressure change to determine volume & calculate density.

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23
Q

Best Technique for Fat Mass measurement

A

Dissection; through prediction as humans can’t be sliced

24
Q

Visible Human Project

A

Project showing that imaging techniques are like cutting you into multiple pieces and measuring body composition.

25
Q

MRI

A

Able to check fat mass via “cutting” into pieces and putting it in a 3D image.

26
Q

What does an MRI check when cutting a cross section

A

How much bone and fat is in that section.

27
Q

Why is MRI considered the gold standard of body composition assessment

A

It gets the job done pretty accurately, but it’s very expensive.

28
Q

Purpose of magnets in MRI

A

changes the spin of H+ ions in the cross sectional area to produce the image we see.

29
Q

CT Scans

A

Unlike using magnets, it uses radiation to get clear precise images

30
Q

Pro of CT

A

Gets clear image

31
Q

Con of CT

A

Body absorbs radiation

32
Q

Dual Energy X-Ray Absortiometry (DEXA)

A

Used as a bone density machine; often checks for osteoporosis.

33
Q

Check for high bone density and low bone density

A

Shoots beams of radiation and high bone density means beam does not pass through, but low density means it easily passes through

34
Q

What’s an indicator of osteoporosis?

A

Low bone density

35
Q

What is one pro of DEXA?

A

Cheaper than CT and MRI

36
Q

Can DEXA be used for only bone density measurement?

A

Can also measure body composition (fat mass and fat-free mass) through same methods.

37
Q

Bioelectrical Impedence Analysis (BIA)

A

Shoots electrical currents in body and is sent to the receiver to determine how well the body conducts electricity.

38
Q

What does the hardly conducting electricity indicate?

A

High fat mass (not much water in fat mass)

39
Q

What does a lot of conduction indicate?

A

High fat-free mass (contains water)

40
Q

What can affect the BIA test?

A

Hydration status, model of device that is used may not tell you accurately.

41
Q

Ultrasound

A

Sends sound waves through tissue and sends a signal back producing an image

42
Q

Anthropometry

A

Measures fat in different parts like the waist using measuring tape

43
Q

Pro of Anthropometry

A

Very very cheap.

44
Q

Skinfold Measures

A

Measures skin and fat thickness at various sites and predicts %BF

45
Q

Common sites for Anthropometric Measure

A

There are many sites, but it depends on what you’re interested in looking at. (Looking at functionality in the thigh of someone who fell down the stairs.

46
Q

How was %BF predicted with skinfold equations?

A

Taking skinfolds from corpse and look at how it predicts total fat mass.

47
Q

Does the %BF prediction with skinfold equations still apply in this day and age?

A

No; hydrostatic weighing and things like MRI give us a better prediction.

48
Q

What does the Durnin equation show?

A

The sum of 4 skinfolds show that females have a higher %BF than males.

49
Q

What are other differences in the %BF table?

A

Older people have more body fat than younger

50
Q

Overall what are factors influencing skinfold fat equations?

A

Sex and Age

51
Q

Finding average %BF

A

Takes fat measures and compares it back to different classifications of weight (underweight - Obese class 3)

52
Q

What are the reasons that assigning a percentage for Body Fat based on BMI doesn’t always work?

A
  • What’s quote on quote normal will change
  • Most of these comparisons use BMI as a reference; BMI is not an indicator of fat tissue.
53
Q

How can you track average %BF accurately?

A

Stick to using the same device and method to measure

54
Q

Why are recommended values of %BF varying?

A

Depends on the equation used to determine. That’s why sticking to one method and machine is better.

55
Q

Fat but Fit Paradox

A

Those with high BMI and adipose tissue that also have a high VO2Max, that diminishes the mortality risk related to obesity.

Kine 1020 (43 decks)

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