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Kine 1020 > Muscle Control & Recruitment - Lecture 28 > Flashcards

Muscle Control & Recruitment - Lecture 28 Flashcards

1
Q

How does Muscle Contraction work?

A

Action potential and resultant contraction

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2
Q

Multiple Impulses sent?

A

A wave summation occurs; multiple increasing frequencies of signal

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3
Q

What’s the result of multiple impulses

A

Increasing force of contraction with increase in signals

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4
Q

What happens when there’s a max amount of signals (Action Potential)

A

Fused tetanus; signal levels out and no more contractions.

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5
Q

Total Muscle Tension

A

Active + Passive Tension

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6
Q

Active Tension

A

Tension that the muscle creates itself from contraction

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7
Q

Passive Tension

A

Tension created by external force through stretch

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8
Q

How can the optimal strength (force production) of a sarcomere be produced

A

Depends on the resting length of the sarcomere; that produces the most force

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9
Q

75%

A

Muscles are too overlapped; actin cross bridges interfere

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10
Q

80-120%

A

Optimal length of the muscle, to allow to lift the most

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11
Q

170%

A

Forming cross bridges are hard to because they’re too stretched

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12
Q

Resting Length of Isometric

A

Resting length stays the same

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13
Q

Muscle tension of Isometric

A

Peak tension developed

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14
Q

Resting length of Concentric

A

Resting length shortens as muscle squeezes.

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15
Q

Increase in muscle tension in concentric caused by?

A

Before on set of movement

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16
Q

Resting length of Eccentric

A

Muscle Length elongates

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17
Q

What happens when resistance is greater than the force of contraction of the muscle

A

Muscle tear and significant damage

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18
Q

Relationship of force output and resistance

A

Being able to overcome a resistance produces a high force of contraction

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19
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

A neuron and all the muscle fibre that neuron innervates (supply with neurons)

20
Q

Two types of muscle fibre?

A

Type 1 and Type 2

21
Q

Same Neurons and Muscle Fibres

A

All muscle fibres innervated by the same motor neuron are same fibre (Must be Type 1 or Type 2 Neuron)

22
Q

How do your muscle fibres generate more force?

A

Principle of Orderly Recruitment

23
Q

Principle Of Orderly Recruitment

A

Motor Units are always recruited in the same order

24
Q

What does recruitment in the same order mean?

A

i.e. all of motor units 1 will be recruited, and then if more force is needed, then all of motor unit 2 will be recruited and so on.

25
Q

How does strength training affect recruitment?

A

Recruits a great amount of motor units, as well as improve speed of recruitment

26
Q

2 main factors of strong muscle contractions

A

Frequency of impulses and recruitment of motor units

27
Q

Muscle Fibre Continuum

A

A scale going from type 1 on one side, type IIa in the middle and Type IIb on the other end.

28
Q

Based on contractile and metabolic properties

A

How muscle fibre types are identified

29
Q

Type I

A

Oxidative (aerobic), Slow Twitch Muscles (slowly uses energy)

30
Q

Type IIa

A

Glycolytic/Oxidative, Fast twitch Muscles

31
Q

Type IIb

A

Glycolytic, Fast Twitch Muscles

32
Q

Usual composition of Fibre Types

A

50-50 slow:fast

33
Q

Why do people sometimes have more of one fibre type than the other?

A

Usually explained by predominant genes

34
Q

Is it possible to fully change from one fibre type to another?

A

You can’t move from one to the other, but you can train to move across the continuum

35
Q

How can muscle fibre composition be measured?

A

Muscle Biopsy; taking a piece of muscle and analyzing to see what muscle type they have

36
Q

What do the muscle fibre types display under a microscope?

A

Different sizes and colour for each type. Some people have more of one muscle type over the other.

37
Q

Reason for different colour fibre types?

A

Presence of myoglobin (O2 carrying) and RBC carrying compounds.

38
Q

Primary fuel of Type I

A

Lipids

39
Q

High capillary density

A

Type 1

40
Q

How active is ATPase enzyme in Type I

A

Very low as it doesn’t need to produce a lot of ATP for short periods as Type I is longer periods.

41
Q

Force of Type IIb?

A

Generates force much more quickly as this is associated with activities needing to produce a lot of force in a short amount of time

42
Q

Anaerobic process and fatigues quicker

A

Type IIb

43
Q

Major fuel of Type IIb

A

Creatine Phosphate

44
Q

How active is ATPase enzyme in Type IIb

A

Very high as it needs to produce a lot of energy in a short amount of time

45
Q

Major Fuel of Type IIa

A

Glycogen (stored sugar)

46
Q

What does Type IIa possess that the other two don’t have simultaneously?

A

Aerobic and Anaerobic energy generating capabilities

47
Q

How active is ATPase enzyme in Type IIa

A

Moderately active

Kine 1020 (43 decks)

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