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Kine 1020 > Muscle Physiology Structure and Function - Lecture 27 > Flashcards

Muscle Physiology Structure and Function - Lecture 27 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Muscle Health Split into?

A

Powering Movement & Energy Expenditure

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2
Q

What do muscles help us do?

A

Helps us move and allows our body to function.

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3
Q

Calorie burning

A

Takes place in muscle

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4
Q

Functions associated with powering movement

A

ADLs (Activities of daily living), LTPA (Leisure Time Physical Activity), Occupation, Sport Performance

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5
Q

Good muscle health enables good performance of these?

A

Powering Movement

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6
Q

Presence or Absence of Comorbidities associated with?

A

Metabolic Engine

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7
Q

What are some comorbidities that form from muscle inactivity

A

Obesity, Diabetes, Sarcopenia

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8
Q

What happens to our energy expenditure and muscle mass as we become inactive?

A

Go down; less muscle, less calories burned, less metabolically active tissue

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9
Q

Consequences of unhealthy muscle?

A

Reduced Quality of Life and Independence (ADLs), Reduced Productivity, Limited Career options, increased risk of death/disease.

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10
Q

3 Types of Muscle in our body?

A

Cardiac, Smooth and Skeletal

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11
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Majority of the muscle in humans (70%), voluntary, multinucleated, cylindrical and long.

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12
Q

What does striation mean?

A

Pattern of lines or grooves

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13
Q

Is skeletal muscle striated?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Single nucleus per cell, Myogenic (own contraction pattern)

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15
Q

In cardiac muscle; apart of the sarcolemma and makes passage ways for cells to communicate, coordinate contraction and cohesive connection between cells

A

Intercalated disks

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16
Q

Is cardiac muscle striated?

A

More of a lattice like pattern/branched network

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17
Q

Sarcomere

A

Main contractile unit of contraction; in region of myofibril and makes patterns known as striations

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18
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Single nucleus, fusiform (narrow at end and wide at front), non-striated, involuntary

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19
Q

How are the contractions for Smooth Muscle

A

Weak, slow and sustained because does not generate a lot of force in order to last a long time.

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20
Q

Where is smooth muscle usually found?

A

Internal organs - bladder, colon, stomach, esophagus, uterus, etc.

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21
Q

Types of Contraction?

A

Isometric (Not changing), Eccentric (Increasing), Concentric (Decreasing)

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22
Q

Outer most muscle dense sheath?

A

Epimysium

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23
Q

Perimysium (Fascicles)

A

Groups muscle fibres into bundles; packages the individual fibres.

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24
Q

Endomysium

A

Surrounds the individual muscle fibres

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25
Q

Single muscle fibre (muscle cell) is found within?

A

Endomisyium

26
Q

Myofibrils

A

Contractile muscle containing filaments; contraction takes place, and give striated appearance

27
Q

Does a muscle fibre have multiple myofibrils

A

Yes; a muscle cell will have multiple myofibrils with the purpose of having filaments for muscle contraction

28
Q

Purpose of Motor Neurons and Blood Vessels in muscle fibres

A

They are intricately woven because muscles need blood flow and signals to contract and stay alive. They deliver and take things out of muscles

29
Q

Muscle Fibre Nucleus/Nuclei

A

Governs cell behaviour, contains DNA

30
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Muscle cell membrane; wraps around muscle fibre

31
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm, holds organelles

32
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

A

Key for Calcium storage which is used for muscle contraction.

33
Q

Contains filaments where muscle contraction takes place

A

Myofibrils

34
Q

T-Tubule

A

Extensions of sarcolemma; allows signals from nervous system to penetrate into muscle fibre

35
Q

Filaments in Sarcomere

A

Actin (Thin) and Myosin (Thick)

36
Q

Actin and Myosin

A

Contractile proteins; Filaments arranged within sarcomere are what make striations in muscles

37
Q

How do Actin and Myosin work

A

Actin and Myosin overlap and when muscles contract they overlap more, and when they relax they overlap less.

38
Q

Z-line/disc

A

Divides sarcomeres as there are many in myofibril while acting as an anchor for actin filament.

39
Q

Within the sarcomere; expands and shrinks with muscle contraction and has an M line running down the middle

A

H-zone

40
Q

How many bands are there

A

A band and I band

41
Q

A band?

A

Dark band which is Myosin (little actin)

42
Q

I band

A

Light band (Actin)

43
Q

Synapse

A

Connection between (synaptic cleft) end of one nerve to a muscle fibre

44
Q

Action potential

A

Threshold of electric depolarization that causes signal to move down the line

45
Q

How is action potential (signals) driven?

A

Driven by ions in the body

46
Q

All or none response

A

The signal once it reaches the threshold must give an all out response or nothing at all.

47
Q

Neuromuscular Junction

A

Where nerve meets with muscle

48
Q

Axon

A

Passes signal down it and it’s covered by myelin sheath

49
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Inside the axon terminal in the neuromuscular junction and released into space between nerve and muscle called synaptic cleft.

50
Q

What happens after signal reaches the neuromuscular junction and releases acetylcholine

A

Signal travels down T-Tubules into muscle fibre cells and causes release of calcium.

51
Q

What releases calcium?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

52
Q

Where does the process of signal reaching from nerve to muscle take place?

A

Neuromuscular Junction

53
Q

What’s in Actin?

A

Tropomyosin and Troponin

54
Q

Tropomyosin

A

Thin protein wrapped around actin that blocks binding sites for myosin while relaxed

55
Q

Binding site for calcium; moves tropomyosin when calcium binds

A

Troponin

56
Q

The Role of Calcium

A

When the signal reaches the sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium releases and binds to troponin and exposes myosin binding site.

57
Q

Sliding Filament Theory?

A

A formation of cross bridges with actin and myosin that involves ATP and calcium.

58
Q

Step 1 of SFT?

A

Myosin heads energize by going from bent to stretched. ATP is hydrolyzed by heads into ADP and P

59
Q

Step 2 of SFT?

A

Phosphate disappears and crossbridge is formed between Actin and Myosin

60
Q

Power stroke; myosin head rotate to middle of sarcomere and pull actin along with it. ADP gets released

A

Step 3 of SFT

61
Q

Detachment via ATP binding to Myosin

A

Step 4 of SFT

62
Q

How does contraction happen continuously if ATP appears and blocks the connection?

A

As long as signal keeps going more calcium is released and ATP is available contractions can continue to happen

Kine 1020 (43 decks)

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