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Kine 1020 > Bone Health - Lecture 35 > Flashcards

Bone Health - Lecture 35 Flashcards

1
Q

Composition of Bone Structure

A

50% mineral crystals (Calcium phosphate)
50% protein (collagen)

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2
Q

What classifies as a healthy bone

A

More strong and dense

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3
Q

Two types of Bone

A

Cortical & Trabecular

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4
Q

Cortical

A

Compact and long part

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5
Q

Trabecular

A

Spongy end with red bone marrow

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6
Q

Key Structures of the Bone

A

Marrow, Periosteum, Blood Supply, ‘physis’s’

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7
Q

What is marrow used for?

A

Creating different types of cells based on red or yellow marrow

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8
Q

Periosteum

A

Outer layer wrapped around the bone

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9
Q

Why does the bone have it’s own blood supply

A

Although it’s a dense structure, it has structures within that require blood to function.

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10
Q

Different ‘physis’s’

A

Proximal epiphysis, Metaphysis, Diphysis, Distal Epiphysis

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11
Q

Proximal epiphysis & Distal Epiphysis

A

where bone meets joint; trabecular bone area

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12
Q

Metaphysis (Trabecular Bone Region)

A

Area for bone growth (growth plates)

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13
Q

When is metaphysis most active

A

Young and active age

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14
Q

Diphysis

A

Located on the cortical bone region.

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15
Q

Bone Remodelling

A

The bone is always in a constant state of turnover; being broken down and built

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16
Q

Two cells involved in bone remodelling

A

Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts

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17
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone forming/building cells

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18
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone resorbing cells

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19
Q

Step 1 Bone remodelling

A

Osteoclasts reabsorb cells (break bone down)

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20
Q

Step 2 Bone reabsorption complete

A

Cavities where the bone was removed

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21
Q

Step 3 Bone Formation

A

Osteoblasts build bone back in the presence of good nutrition (calcium)

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22
Q

Final step of Bone Remodelling

A

Bone settles in

23
Q

Trends in Bone Mass Across Lifespan

A
  • Males peak higher and end higher with bone mass
  • Females have a rapid drop at 50-60 due to menopause
24
Q

How much influence does diet and exercise have on bone mass (%)

A

20-40%

25
Q

Danger Zone

A

Risk getting osteoporosis due to suboptimal lifestyle factors

26
Q

What does “pediatric disease with geriatric consequences” mean

A

Lifestyle as a young person can affect your health as an adult

27
Q

Key messages to prevent osteoporosis

A

Maximize bone growth young age and minimize bone loss when older

28
Q

What is osteoporosis characterized by?

A

Low bone mass/density and deterioration of bone tissue

29
Q

Is there more osteoblast or osteoclast activity for osteoporosis

A

Osteoclast; causing greater cavities

30
Q

Which bone type is affected?

A

Trabecular bone; cavities increase and less rigid

31
Q

What risks are associated with loss in bone mass

A

Fracture + Functionality

32
Q

How is Bone Mineral Density measured

A

DEXA

33
Q

What does DEXA help determine

A

Bone density, fracture risk, etc.

34
Q

Where are the main sites of osteoporosis diagnosis

A

Lumbar Spine and Femoral Neck

35
Q

How is it osteoporosis scored with DEXA?

A

Two ways; T-score and Z-score

36
Q

T-Score

A

Compares bone density to avg 30 yr old of same sex

37
Q

Z-Score

A

Compares bone density to avg. person, same age and sex

38
Q

What number is normal bone density

A

> -1.0

39
Q

What counts as not good?

A

-1.0-2.5

40
Q

What number would mean osteoporosis

A

<2.5

41
Q

Why do women have a higher chance of experiencing an osteoporotic fracture

A
  • Men have a higher peak
  • Females live a longer life so they’re likely to experience it later in life.
  • Men being more active at a younger age
42
Q

What’s the progression of osteoporosis like for males

A

For Males bone loss slowly trickles away at 35

43
Q

What’s the progression of osteoporosis for females

A

Slow but accelerates 5 years after menopause

44
Q

Why is the progression silent

A

People aren’t aware of osteoporosis until a fracture occurs

45
Q

Risk factors for Osteoporosis

A
  • Poor diet
  • Increasing age
  • Genetics
  • Sex
  • Physical Inactivity
46
Q

Symptoms of Osteoporosis

A
  • Pain in lower back
  • Cramps in legs and feet
  • Dowager’s hump (spine bending forward)
  • Fragility Fractures
47
Q

Main common sites of Osteoporotic Fractures

A

Vertebral (compression) , Wrist (fall), Hip (fall)

48
Q

Colle’s Fracture

A

Outward wrist fracture

49
Q

Smith’s Fracture

A

Inward Wrist Fracture

50
Q

What’s the most likeliest fracture for osteoporotic purposes past the age of 70

A

Hip fractures

51
Q

Impacts of QOL after hip fractures (older adults)

A

Independence and Functionality lost

52
Q

Mortality risk?

A

10-20% after 6 months and 21-36% after a year

53
Q

Prevention and Treatment for Osteoporosis

A
  • Exercise
  • Diet
  • Medications
  • Early Screening/ DEXA for those at risk

Kine 1020 (43 decks)

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