Bioenergetics & Metabolism - Lecture 30

Question 1

Type 1 Energy System (oxidative)

Answer 1

Mainly using Oxidative system; slow rate of atp production to use over long period of time; more mitochondria.

Question 2

Type 2b

Answer 2

Mainly glycolytic/ATP PCR system which hardly uses oxygen so hardly need mitochondria. Easily fatiguable because ATPase produces a crazy amount in the 10-15 seconds it has.

Question 3

Key Differences of Energy Systems

Answer 3

Rate of ATP production; capacity

Question 4

Does the energy systems go back to 0 after being used?

Answer 4

No; with glycolytic and oxidative systems they are used continuously, and either one is used based on the intensity and duration of exercise

Question 5

Why do H+ ions release in ATP-PCR?

Answer 5

Hydrogen ions get released in response to low ATP and build up of lactate. Causes movement to be sustained.

Question 6

Creatine Kinase

Answer 6

CrP is broken down into Cr+Pi and releases energy

Question 7

What happens when CrP releases energy

Answer 7

ADP and Pi grab that energy to make ATP

Question 8

What does CrP and ATP show?

Answer 8

They essentially work together, but one has to happen in order for the other to work.

Question 9

How can ATP repackage Cr + Pi

Answer 9

In the absence of exercise ATP can transfer its energy to build CrP

Question 10

Purpose of Glycolysis

Answer 10

To use substrates (glucose) and break them down into molecules to create ATP

Question 11

Where does Glycolysis happen?

Answer 11

In the cytosol of the cell

Question 12

Do you need Oxygen for Glycolysis

Answer 12

No need for oxygen as this can be done with or without it, but it would create different molecules.

Question 13

Why is ATP being used in glycolysis?

Answer 13

It’s used to change the molecules; 2 are used.

Question 14

Carbon molecules?

Answer 14

Initially starting with 1, 6-carbon molecule (glucose) and ending up with 2, 3-carbon molecule. (Pyruvate)

Question 15

What is produced from Glycolysis

Answer 15

2 NADH, 2 H+ ions, and a net atp of 2+

Question 16

What can pyruvate be used as later?

Answer 16

Can be either formed into Acetyl-CoA or Lactate in the presence or absence of O2 respectively.

Question 17

Purpose of Oxidative System?

Answer 17

To use oxygen to break glucose into ATP

Question 18

When is fat used as fuel?

Answer 18

When there is no exercise

Question 19

When is carbohydrates used as fuel?

Answer 19

When exercise is at high intensity

Question 20

How does using fats and carbs connect to RER (Respiration Exchange Ratio)

Answer 20

RER is Vco2/Vo2 and this connects to substrates as the measurement tells you which substrate is being used during exercise.

Question 21

What RER tells you it’s carbs?

Answer 21

1.0

Question 22

What RER tells you its fat?

Answer 22

0.7

Question 23

Why does carbohydrates produce more CO2?

Answer 23

In glycolysis from pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, more CO2 is produced so the RER becomes high.

Question 24

In the Mitochondria

Answer 24

Cellular Respiration takes place in the presence of O2.

Question 25

Why does ETC make either 32 or 34 ATP

Answer 25

Depends on the pathway it takes

Question 26

What is the pathway for 32 ATP?

Answer 26

Active transport; ATP uses NADH to bring it into the mitochondria which creates 32 ATP

Question 27

What is the pathway for 34 ATP?

Answer 27

Passive transport; no ATP used to bring NADH into mitochondria therefore, we have 34.

Question 28

Where does Krebs Cycle occur?

Answer 28

In the mitochondria; oxygen present.

Question 29

What molecule is being broken down in the Krebs cycle?

Answer 29

2 pyruvate molecules

Question 30

What is produced at the end?

Answer 30

6 NADH + H^+, 4 CO2, 2 FADH and 2 ATP

Question 31

How many cycles of Krebs cycle are there?

Answer 31

2, one for each pyruvate.

Question 32

Why do the H^+ ions move towards the top of the complexes?

Answer 32

To get ready to make ATP

Question 33

How are the H^+ ions moved?

Answer 33

Through breaking down the NADH and FADH and using electrons to escort them through the complex.

Question 34

How do the H^+ ions come back from the intermembrane space?

Answer 34

Through high to low concentration through the ATP Synapse which ultimately allows for ATP to be constructed

Question 35

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 35

Process in which electrons move H^+ ions through the membrane to help with the process of ATP