Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kine 1020 > Obesity - Lecture 19 > Flashcards

Obesity - Lecture 19 Flashcards

1
Q

Main causes of obesity?

A

Genetics, Social Determinants, Environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Trends in Obesity in the US

A

In the 80’s not many people had a BMI over 30 but over the decades almost every state has a prevalence of obesity >25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do the trends make of obesity?

A

Obesity as the new normal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Trends in Obesity in Canada

A
  • Overtime prevalence in obesity increased
  • Quebec had lowest prevalence due to smoking
  • 1/3 Canadians Obese
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In the rise of obesity does everyone gain same weight over time?

A

Proportional increase for class 2 & 3 obese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who is most likely to have a high prevalence of obesity related conditions?

A

Class 2 and 3; those who’s BMI’s are high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Trends of prevalence in overweight and obesity

A

Prevalence of overweight is minimal while prevalence of obesity is high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What about third world countries?

A

Along with obesity, dealing with acute and chronic conditions too. (Starvation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Relationship between Mortality Risk and BMI

A

Very Low BMI increases risk and Class 3 Obesity is a very high risk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who are the people that fall into obesity

A

Those who work at home. Staying hidden and out of sight from the rest of the world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is it hard for many to recognize what’s considered obesity?

A

Based on the environment we live in, obesity may be different to us.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

BMI for guys vs. girls

A

High BMI for guys is accepted societally rather than a high BMI for girls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

BMI Growth Curve?

A

Graph that plots where kids BMI should be as they age?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What age does the curve slightly drop?

A

Age 4-5 BMI curve drops.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is obesity defined as according to the growth curve

A

A percentile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What percentile is overweight

A

90-95th percentile (Out of 100 kids); 95+ is obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What’s the normal range?

A

Anything between the 5-90 percentile should be fine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Is there a cutoff for kids?

A

Not necessarily as it’s a curve depicting how BMI should look not necessarily any cutoffs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do parents play a role in their child’s weight?

A
  • Mothers underestimated weight of child
  • Mothers who themselves are overweight were more common to underestimate weight of child
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why is it challenging from a medical perspective to talk about obesity with a parent?

A

It has a negative stigma. Very sensitive to it and makes parents at “fault” for not caring for child’s health.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Trends in Overweight and Obesity 1981-1996

A

Lot more Boys and Girls transitioned to obesity compared to men & women.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why is it impossible for the entire world to be obese in the future?

A

Some are genetically blessed, so metabolism is hardly affected from eating junk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the newer trends of obesity in Canada now?

A

Prevalence of obesity is starting to slowly decline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Relationship between Childhood BMI and Adult Metabolic Abnormalities

A

Risk of chronic disease developing at a young age and that leading to losing limbs as an adult.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Disadvantages of Too much Fat?

A
  • Associated health risks
  • Physical movement limited due to weight on you
  • Extra stress on bones and joints
  • Psychological Damage (society’s bias against overweight)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Does healthcare provide aid?

A

They act along the lines of society where for example they won’t offer you hip replacement because you are overweight. (Putting blame on those who can’t control it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Subcutaneous Fat

A

The fat on the outside (skin) that you can pinch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What do Subcutaneous skinfolds assess?

A

Subcutaneous fat on the outside not the visceral fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Visceral Fat

A

Fat that surrounds your organs

30
Q

How much percent of fat does Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat make up?

A

Visceral Fat is about 10-15% for males and 5% for females while the rest is subcutaneous fat

31
Q

Which fat has more of a health related issue (Subcutaneous or Visceral?)

A

Visceral fat is more important towards health risk

32
Q

How is visceral fat contributing to obesity

A

Small affect on total obesity but a huge impact on obesity related disease

33
Q

How does Visceral Fat relate to Cardiovascular Risk

A

High visceral fat is related to Low amounts of HDL (good cholesterol)

34
Q

Does Liposuction improve health risk brought upon by Visceral Fat

A

No; study shows that liposuction targeted only subcutaneous fat not visceral fat at all

35
Q

Why can’t liposuction target visceral fat

A

Blood flow in visceral fat so puncture can happen and lots of blood loss.

36
Q

How can we lose our visceral fat then?

A

Weight loss through exercise and diet

37
Q

Relationship between weight loss and visceral fat

A

Weight loss leads to proportional increased loss of visceral fat

38
Q

How can visceral fat be measured

A

Anthrpometric measure; loss in visceral fat means change in waist circumference

39
Q

High BMI + Large Waist Circumference = Increased Health Risk

A

Interaction of BMI and WC in terms of Health

40
Q

What is Weight Control thought of as?

A

A scale where your energy intake and energy expenditure are balanced which leads to no weight change

41
Q

How can weight control lead to weight gain

A

Increase in caloric intake and living a sedentary lifestyle

42
Q

How can weight control lead to weight loss?

A

Diet and Exercise, Vigorous Training, Dieting

43
Q

What’s the energy surplus (calories above the amount you’re recommended to eat) that translates to weight gain

A

15 extra calories per day

44
Q

What percentile has an energy surplus of 50kcal/day

A

90th percentile

45
Q

RMR (Resting Metabolic Rate)

A

The number of calories you need to burn to stay do basic functions that help you stay alive

46
Q

How much of your energy expenditure does RMR count for?

A

60-75% of energy expenditure; calories burned from doing nothing

47
Q

Where does the rest of your energy expenditure go to?

A

Non-exercise activities like talking and standing. Also from feeding yourself

48
Q

Modern conveniences saving energy?

A

No longer doing things manually which saves you energy; but advancements like these in the workplace has lead to progressive weight gain every year.

49
Q

How much calories saved leads to a 20% higher chance of death?

A

Saving 130cal/day

50
Q

Do genes play a role in obesity?

A

Based on the monozygotic twins study; they looked awfully similar so this proves that genetics does play a huge factor in developing obesity

51
Q

How many genetical regions were found to influence obesity traits

A

> 140

52
Q

Exposure to things in environment linked to obesity

A

Plastics, Pesticides, Quitting Smoking

53
Q

How does exposure to these things in the environment cause a higher risk for obesity

A

Metabolism goes down, eating habits go up.

54
Q

Why is eating and exercising as you do now make you gain more weight compared to in the 70’s

A

Everything mentioned before; how we made ways to save energy and built an environment perfect for weight gain

55
Q

What did food intake trends in Canada show for Obesity and food intake

A

Decreased food intake and greater exercise but obesity was higher (are they lying?)

56
Q

Eating the same amount of calories in the 1970’s vs. 2008 shows?

A

There’s an increase in BMI with the exact same amount of calories consumed.

57
Q

Confirmation Bias

A

Seeking evidence that confirms what we believe and ignoring the facts that contradict that belief.

58
Q

What is the biggest cause of obesity that is diverse among different individuals

A

No specific trigger (people being unsure about how it happened); possibly a combination of many things that happened at once.

59
Q

Old Recommendations for Weight during Pregnancy for BMI less than 20

A

12.5-18kg

60
Q

Old Recommended weight for pregnancy of BMI 20-27

A

11.5-16kg

61
Q

Old Recommended weight for pregnant person of BMI >27

A

7.0-11.5

62
Q

What happened when pregnant mother gained weight?

A

Child will have risk for obesity; due to calorie intake during preganancy

63
Q

New Weight gain for Normal weight pregnant people

A

11.5-16kg

64
Q

New recommended weight gain for pregnant Overweight BMI

A

7-11.5kg

65
Q

New recommended weight gain for obese pregnant people

A

5-9kg

66
Q

What’s the main message for gaining weight and calorie intake when pregnant

A

Must watch your weight gain when pregnant by trying not to eat everything you crave

67
Q

Advantage of Fat

A

It’s a good energy store, but too much is unnecessary

68
Q

Liver Glycogen and Muscle Glycogen calories

A

Good proportion of calories that you can survive off of for days because the adipose tissue has the most amount of calories

69
Q

More advantages of fat

A
  • Insulation
  • Sport (Swimming and buoyancy)
  • Appearance
  • Improved survival rates for many chronic diseases
70
Q

Obesity Paradox

A

Those with obesity likely to get obesity related conditions but also more likelier to survive than those without obesity when faced with disease

71
Q

Metabolic reserves and how it explains obesity paradox

A

Higher amounts of energy in reserves to expend and combat disease, so lean person will run out of resources to combat it.

Kine 1020 (43 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions