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SN Physiology Final > Respiratory 2 > Flashcards

Respiratory 2 Flashcards

1
Q

4 laws

A

Boyles
Daltons
Henrys
Ficks

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2
Q

Boyles law

A

P1V1=P2V2

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3
Q

Daltons law

A

Partial P of gas is the P that gas would exert if it occupied the entire volume of the mixture

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4
Q

Partial pressure of O2

A

159 mmHg

21% of 760 mmHg

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5
Q

Henrys law

A

Pp liquid = Pp gas

If alveolar PO2=100 mmHg, also arterial PO2=100 mmHg

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6
Q

Ficks law

A

Transfer of gas across membrane is due to simple diffusion

Driven by difference in partial pressure

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7
Q

Which gas diffuses faster?

O2
CO2

A

CO2

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8
Q

Forms of gases in the blood

A

Free
Bound
Chemically modified

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9
Q

Which gas is never bound/chemically modified?

A

Nitrogen

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10
Q

Give example of chemically modified gas?

A

CO2 into bicarbonate

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11
Q

Inspired air gas composition

A 
O2= 158 mmHg
CO2= 0.3 mmHg
H2O= 5.7 mmHg
N2= 596 mmHg
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12
Q

Right heart gas composition

A 
O2= 40 mmHg
CO2= 46 mmHg
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13
Q

Left hear gas composition

A 
O2= 95 mmHg
CO2= 40 mmHg
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14
Q

Expired air gas composition

A 
O2= 116 mmHg
CO2= 32 mmHg
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15
Q

Gas flow can be limited by two things

A

Diffusion limited

Perfusion limited

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16
Q

Pulmonary blood flow=

A

CO

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17
Q

Describe pulmonary circulation

A

Much lower pressure than systemic circulation

18
Q

What happens in the circulation in response to decrease O2?

A

Systemic- vasodilation

Pulmonary- vasoconstriction

19
Q

Why hypoxia causes vasoconstriction in the pulmonary circulation?

A

Poor ventilated alveoli- capillary around it will constrict (so blood will go to a better alveoli)

20
Q

V/P ratio in the lungs=

A

0.8

Alveolar ventilation is 80% of the pulmonary blood flow

21
Q

what is the location of the respiratory center?

A

Brain stem

22
Q

what are the 4 components of the respiratoey controll system?

A
  1. chemoreceptors for O2, CO2, H+
  2. mechanoreceptors in the lungs and joints
  3. control centers for breathing in medulla and pons
  4. respiratory muscles
23
Q

what do the central chemoreceptors sense?

A

[H+] in ECF/CSF
reflects the PaCO2

**75% of the ventilatory drive at rest

24
Q

what do the peripheral chemoreceptors sense?

A

PaO2 (mainly!!)
PaCO2
pH
[K+]

**25% of the ventilatory drive at rest

25
Q

Inspiratory center is located at

A

DRG

Dorsal Respiratory Group

26
Q

Expiratory center is located at

A

VRG

Ventral

27
Q

what does the Inspiratory center contol?

A

basic rhythm by setting the frequency of inspiration

28
Q

from where do the Inspiratory center get sensory input?

A

from peripheral chemoreceptors via CN IX and X

from mechanoreceptors in the lung via CN X

29
Q

when do expiratory center become active?

A

during exercise when expiration becomes active

30
Q

what are the consequence of hyperventilation?

A

decrease in PaCO2 -> arterial pH increase

31
Q

central chemoreceptors are located in

A

brain stem
ventral surface of the medulla
near DRG

32
Q

what do central chemoreceptors sense?

A

change in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

33
Q

what will decrease in the CSF pH cause

A

hyperventilation

34
Q

location of peripheral chemoreceptors?

A
  • carotid bodies at the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries
  • aortic bodies above and belowthe aortic arch
35
Q

what do peripheral chemoreceptors sense?

A

O2
CO2
H+

36
Q

what is the most important responsibility of the peripheral chemoreceptors?

A

detect changes in arterial PO2

37
Q

peripheral chemoreceptors respond dramatically when

A

PO2 decreases to less than 60 mmHg

** so btw 60-100 mmHg nothing happens

38
Q

What about decrease in arterial pH in relation to peripheral chemoreceptors?

A

mediated only by chemoreceptorsin the carotid bodies

39
Q

Muscles of Inspiration?

A

Diaphragm
External intercosal
Scalenes

40
Q

What is the Pneumotaxis center?

A

turns off inspiration

limits size of tidal volume

41
Q

what reflex is initiated when the lungs stretch receptors are distended

A

Hering-Breuer reflex

to decrease breathing rate

SN Physiology Final (59 decks)

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