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SN Physiology Final > 5.1 > Flashcards

5.1 Flashcards

1
Q

main Physiological functions of the GI system

A
  1. mechanical
  2. secretion
  3. absorption
  4. excretion
  5. immune
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2
Q

Assimilation of nutrients

A
  1. AA, monosacarides, FA
  2. Fluids
  3. Electrolytes
  4. Trace elements
  5. Vitamins
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3
Q

Digestion is composed of:

A
  1. Mechanical disruption

2. Chemical degragation

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4
Q

How does the GI tract serves the Assimilation of nutrients?

A
  1. Motility
  2. Secretion
  3. Chemiacl digestion
  4. Absorption
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5
Q

STOMACH-

  1. Motility
  2. Secretion
  3. Chemiacl digestion
  4. Absorption
A
  1. Motility= peristaltic mixing
  2. Secretion= HCl, Pepsinogen, Gastric lipase, HCO3-, Gastrin, Histamin
  3. Chemiacl digestion= Proteins, fats
  4. Absorption= Alcohol, Aspirin
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6
Q

Role of Spincters?

A
  • They maintain positive pressure in their lumens

- Regulate the caudal movement of bowel

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7
Q

Accsessory glands?

A

salivary
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

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8
Q

Paneth cells release?

A

Antimicrobial peptides

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9
Q

GALT components

A

Paneth cells

Payer’s patches

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10
Q

whos responsible for chewing and swallowing?

A

CNS

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11
Q

Submucosal plexus=

A

meissner’s

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12
Q

ENS from where to where?

A

lower 1/3 of esophagus until outer rectal spincter

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13
Q

ENS local control on?

A
  • motility
  • secretion
  • blood flow
  • immune responce
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14
Q

types of ENS neurons

A

Afferent neurons
Interneurons
Efferent neurons

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15
Q

Efferent neurons of ENS innervates

A
  1. Enteric smooth muscle
  2. Interstitial cells of Cajal
  3. Epithelial cells
  4. Endocrine and paracrine cells
  5. Vascular cells
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16
Q

Autonomic NS Parasympathetic division

A
  1. Vagal nuclei

2. Sacral Spinal cord

17
Q

Autonomic NS Sympathetic division

A

Thoraco-Lumbar region -> Sympathetic Ggl (Celiac, SM, IM)

18
Q

modulation of ENS by Parasympathetic NS

A

**Preganglionic, cholinergic

Mainly stimulates motility and secretion

19
Q

modulation of ENS by Sympathetic NS

A
  • *Postganglionic, adrenergic
  • Indirect (suppresses motility and secretion by a2
  • Direct (vessels vasoconstriction and spincter contraction by a1)
20
Q

Excitatory Transmitters of Sensory neurons

A

ACh
Substance P
CGRP

21
Q

Excitatory Transmitters of Interneurons

A

ACh
Substance P
ATP
Glu

22
Q

Inhibatory Transmitters of Interneurons

A

Opioid peptides

SST

23
Q

Excitatory Transmitters of Motorneurons

A

ACh

Substance P

24
Q

Inhibatory Transmitters of Motorneurons

A

NO
ATP
VIP
PACAP

25
Q

what is the important of Symp activation of a1 R?

A

vasoconstriction of blood vessels to limit blood flowinto the GI tract

26
Q

4 GI peptides are classified as hormones:

A

Gastrin
CCK
Secretin
Glucose-Dependent-Insulinotropic-Peptide

27
Q

what are paracrines?

A

peptides secreted by endocrine cells of GI

they act locally wuthun the same tissue

28
Q

paracrines of the GI?

A

Somatostatins- Inhibatory actions throughout the GI

**also Histamine, but its not a peptide

29
Q

Neuorocrine substance of the GI?

A 
ACh
NE
VIP
NO
GRP
substance P
30
Q

Gastrin action

A
  • H+ secretion by gastric Parietal cells

- Growth of the Gastric Mucose

31
Q

what cell secrete Gastrin?

A

G cells in the antrum of the stomach

32
Q

CCK (CholeCystoKinin) aim

A

Fat digestion and absorption

33
Q

what cell secrete CCK?

A

I cells in duodenum and jejunum In response to FA and AA

34
Q

CCK action

A
  1. Gallbladder contraction
  2. Pancretic enzyme secretion
  3. HCO3- secretion from pancreas
  4. Growth of exocrine pancreas and Gallbladder
  5. Inhibition of gastric emptying
35
Q

Glucose-Dependent-Insulinotropic-Peptide secreted by?

A

K cells in duodenum and jejunum in response to allllll nutrients
glucos AA FA

36
Q

major phisyologic action of Glucose-Dependent-Insulinotropic-Peptide

A

stimulation of Insulin secretion

37
Q

Secretin is secreted by?

A

S cells of Duodenum in response to H+ and FA in the lumen of the small intestine

38
Q

Function od Secretin?

A

Promote the secretion of pancreatic and biliary HCO3- which neutraliza H+ in the lumen of the small intestine

39
Q

which cells secrete SST?

A

D cells of the GI in response to decreased luminal pH

SN Physiology Final (59 decks)

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