5.1

Question 1

main Physiological functions of the GI system

Answer 1

1. mechanical
2. secretion
3. absorption
4. excretion
5. immune

Question 2

Assimilation of nutrients

Answer 2

1. AA, monosacarides, FA
2. Fluids
3. Electrolytes
4. Trace elements
5. Vitamins

Question 3

Digestion is composed of:

Answer 3

1. Mechanical disruption

2. Chemical degragation

Question 4

How does the GI tract serves the Assimilation of nutrients?

Answer 4

1. Motility
2. Secretion
3. Chemiacl digestion
4. Absorption

Question 5

STOMACH-

1. Motility
2. Secretion
3. Chemiacl digestion
4. Absorption

Answer 5

1. Motility= peristaltic mixing
2. Secretion= HCl, Pepsinogen, Gastric lipase, HCO3-, Gastrin, Histamin
3. Chemiacl digestion= Proteins, fats
4. Absorption= Alcohol, Aspirin

Question 6

Role of Spincters?

Answer 6

• They maintain positive pressure in their lumens

- Regulate the caudal movement of bowel

Question 7

Accsessory glands?

Answer 7

salivary
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

Question 8

Paneth cells release?

Answer 8

Antimicrobial peptides

Question 9

GALT components

Answer 9

Paneth cells

Payer’s patches

Question 10

whos responsible for chewing and swallowing?

Answer 10

CNS

Question 11

Submucosal plexus=

Answer 11

meissner’s

Question 12

ENS from where to where?

Answer 12

lower 1/3 of esophagus until outer rectal spincter

Question 13

ENS local control on?

Answer 13

• motility
• secretion
• blood flow
• immune responce

Question 14

types of ENS neurons

Answer 14

Afferent neurons
Interneurons
Efferent neurons

Question 15

Efferent neurons of ENS innervates

Answer 15

1. Enteric smooth muscle
2. Interstitial cells of Cajal
3. Epithelial cells
4. Endocrine and paracrine cells
5. Vascular cells

Question 16

Autonomic NS Parasympathetic division

Answer 16

1. Vagal nuclei

2. Sacral Spinal cord

Question 17

Autonomic NS Sympathetic division

Answer 17

Thoraco-Lumbar region -> Sympathetic Ggl (Celiac, SM, IM)

Question 18

modulation of ENS by Parasympathetic NS

Answer 18

**Preganglionic, cholinergic

Mainly stimulates motility and secretion

Question 19

modulation of ENS by Sympathetic NS

Answer 19

• *Postganglionic, adrenergic
• Indirect (suppresses motility and secretion by a2
• Direct (vessels vasoconstriction and spincter contraction by a1)

Question 20

Excitatory Transmitters of Sensory neurons

Answer 20

ACh
Substance P
CGRP

Question 21

Excitatory Transmitters of Interneurons

Answer 21

ACh
Substance P
ATP
Glu

Question 22

Inhibatory Transmitters of Interneurons

Answer 22

Opioid peptides

SST

Question 23

Excitatory Transmitters of Motorneurons

Answer 23

ACh

Substance P

Question 24

Inhibatory Transmitters of Motorneurons

Answer 24

NO
ATP
VIP
PACAP

Question 25

what is the important of Symp activation of a1 R?

Answer 25

vasoconstriction of blood vessels to limit blood flowinto the GI tract

Question 26

4 GI peptides are classified as hormones:

Answer 26

Gastrin CCK Secretin Glucose-Dependent-Insulinotropic-Peptide

Question 27

what are paracrines?

Answer 27

peptides secreted by endocrine cells of GI | they act locally wuthun the same tissue

Question 28

paracrines of the GI?

Answer 28

Somatostatins- Inhibatory actions throughout the GI | **also Histamine, but its not a peptide

Question 29

Neuorocrine substance of the GI?

Answer 29

``` ACh NE VIP NO GRP substance P ```

Question 30

Gastrin action

Answer 30

- H+ secretion by gastric Parietal cells | - Growth of the Gastric Mucose

Question 31

what cell secrete Gastrin?

Answer 31

G cells in the antrum of the stomach

Question 32

CCK (CholeCystoKinin) aim

Answer 32

Fat digestion and absorption

Question 33

what cell secrete CCK?

Answer 33

I cells in duodenum and jejunum In response to FA and AA

Question 34

CCK action

Answer 34

1. Gallbladder contraction 2. Pancretic enzyme secretion 3. HCO3- secretion from pancreas 4. Growth of exocrine pancreas and Gallbladder 5. Inhibition of gastric emptying

Question 35

Glucose-Dependent-Insulinotropic-Peptide secreted by?

Answer 35

K cells in duodenum and jejunum in response to allllll nutrients glucos AA FA

Question 36

major phisyologic action of Glucose-Dependent-Insulinotropic-Peptide

Answer 36

stimulation of Insulin secretion

Question 37

Secretin is secreted by?

Answer 37

S cells of Duodenum in response to H+ and FA in the lumen of the small intestine

Question 38

Function od Secretin?

Answer 38

Promote the secretion of pancreatic and biliary HCO3- which neutraliza H+ in the lumen of the small intestine

Question 39

which cells secrete SST?

Answer 39

D cells of the GI in response to decreased luminal pH