7.8 Flashcards

1
Q

How do female sex hormones found in blood

A

Mainly bound to SHBG

Sex Hormones Binding Globulin

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2
Q

What does the synthesis of female sex hormones requires

A

Aromatase

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3
Q

What stage are oocyte before ovulation

A

Prophase of meiosis

They are called primary oocytes

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4
Q

How many primordial follicles are left by the time of puberty?

A

300,000

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5
Q

Whay happens to the oocyte when there is ovulation

A

Completion of meiosis 1 and the formation of secondary oocyte

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6
Q

Primary oocyte structure

A

Surrounded by granulosa cells

They secrete fluid

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7
Q

2nd stage of follicular development

A

70-80 days

15-20 follicles have accumulated fluids (hormones, FSH, proteins) in Antrum

Theca cells and granulosa cells continue to grow

Become Graafian follicles

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8
Q

What does the corpus luteum contians

A

Theca lutein cells
Granulosa lutein cells

They secrete mostly Progesterone and some Estrogen

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9
Q

GnRH secretion in females happens every

A

Follicular phase= 1-2 hours

Luteal phase= 5-6 hours

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10
Q

Ovarian cycle begins at

A

First day of menstruation

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11
Q

Follicular phase can be divided into

A

Menstrual flow

Proliferative phase

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12
Q

Other name for luteal phase

A

Secretory phase

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13
Q

Which pituitary hormone is usually higher?

A

LH

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14
Q

When FSH>LH

A

1st day of the cycle

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15
Q

Day of ovulation

A

14

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16
Q

Follicular phase is mainly under control of

A

Estrogen (E2=Estradiol)

17
Q

After the release of secondary oocyte, what is left behind?

A

Hemorrhagic body

Which will become the corpus luteum

18
Q

What happens to E2/P4 ratio after ovulation?

A

Decreases bcs the corpus luteum releases mainly P4

19
Q

What happens if fertilization doesn’t occur

A

Corpus luteum will undergo apoptosis -> decreased P4 secretion

20
Q

What will the decrease in P4 causes in the endometrium

A

Induces increase in PGF2a -> vasoconstriction -> necrosis of stratum functionale of the endometrium

Increased myometrial contractiliy

21
Q

What happens if fertilization occurs

A

Syncyotrophoblasts induces secretion of hCG ->maintenance of P4 levels

22
Q

Body temperature in the cycle

A

Follicular phase- lower

Luteal phase- higher

23
Q

Job of theca interna cells

A

Secrete progesterone and androgens

24
Q

Receptor on theca interna cells

25
Granulosa cells job
Produce Estrogens from androgens of the theca interna Express FSH R **in the follicular phase, FSH induces LH R on granulosa cells
26
Regulation of hormonal output in follicular phase?
Estradiol causes negative FB on ant pituitary and on hypothalamus
27
Regulation of hormonal output in around ovulation?
Estradiol causes Positive FB on ant pituitary and on hypothalamus
28
Regulation of hormonal output in luteal phase?
P4 causes Negative FB