7.8

Question 1

How do female sex hormones found in blood

Answer 1

Mainly bound to SHBG

Sex Hormones Binding Globulin

Question 2

What does the synthesis of female sex hormones requires

Answer 2

Aromatase

Question 3

What stage are oocyte before ovulation

Answer 3

Prophase of meiosis

They are called primary oocytes

Question 4

How many primordial follicles are left by the time of puberty?

Answer 4

300,000

Question 5

Whay happens to the oocyte when there is ovulation

Answer 5

Completion of meiosis 1 and the formation of secondary oocyte

Question 6

Primary oocyte structure

Answer 6

Surrounded by granulosa cells

They secrete fluid

Question 7

2nd stage of follicular development

Answer 7

70-80 days

15-20 follicles have accumulated fluids (hormones, FSH, proteins) in Antrum

Theca cells and granulosa cells continue to grow

Become Graafian follicles

Question 8

What does the corpus luteum contians

Answer 8

Theca lutein cells
Granulosa lutein cells

They secrete mostly Progesterone and some Estrogen

Question 9

GnRH secretion in females happens every

Answer 9

Follicular phase= 1-2 hours

Luteal phase= 5-6 hours

Question 10

Ovarian cycle begins at

Answer 10

First day of menstruation

Question 11

Follicular phase can be divided into

Answer 11

Menstrual flow

Proliferative phase

Question 12

Other name for luteal phase

Answer 12

Secretory phase

Question 13

Which pituitary hormone is usually higher?

Answer 13

LH

Question 14

When FSH>LH

Answer 14

1st day of the cycle

Question 15

Day of ovulation

Answer 15

14

Question 16

Follicular phase is mainly under control of

Answer 16

Estrogen (E2=Estradiol)

Question 17

After the release of secondary oocyte, what is left behind?

Answer 17

Hemorrhagic body

Which will become the corpus luteum

Question 18

What happens to E2/P4 ratio after ovulation?

Answer 18

Decreases bcs the corpus luteum releases mainly P4

Question 19

What happens if fertilization doesn’t occur

Answer 19

Corpus luteum will undergo apoptosis -> decreased P4 secretion

Question 20

What will the decrease in P4 causes in the endometrium

Answer 20

Induces increase in PGF2a -> vasoconstriction -> necrosis of stratum functionale of the endometrium

Increased myometrial contractiliy

Question 21

What happens if fertilization occurs

Answer 21

Syncyotrophoblasts induces secretion of hCG ->maintenance of P4 levels

Question 22

Body temperature in the cycle

Answer 22

Follicular phase- lower

Luteal phase- higher

Question 23

Job of theca interna cells

Answer 23

Secrete progesterone and androgens

Question 24

Receptor on theca interna cells

Answer 24

LH R

Question 25

Granulosa cells job

Answer 25

Produce Estrogens from androgens of the theca interna

Express FSH R

**in the follicular phase, FSH induces LH R on granulosa cells

Question 26

Regulation of hormonal output in follicular phase?

Answer 26

Estradiol causes negative FB on ant pituitary and on hypothalamus

Question 27

Regulation of hormonal output in around ovulation?

Answer 27

Estradiol causes Positive FB on ant pituitary and on hypothalamus

Question 28

Regulation of hormonal output in luteal phase?

Answer 28

P4 causes Negative FB