6.1

Question 1

define Hematopoiesis

Answer 1

formation of blood cells and how they get into the circulation

Question 2

RBC count

Answer 2

male: 4.5-5.5 milion/microL
female: 3.9-5.3 milion/microL

Question 3

Platelets count

Answer 3

2.5-3 x 10^5 /microL

Question 4

WBC count

Answer 4

3,000-12,000 /microL

Question 5

WBC components count

Answer 5

N: 60-70%
L: 25-30%
M: 4-8%
E: 2-4%
B: 0-1%

Question 6

what are the two forms of Hematopoiesis

Answer 6

constituitive

stress

Question 7

define constituitive Hematopoiesis

Answer 7

daily production to maintain steady levels
10^11 cells producrd per day
(25% RBC, 75% WBC)

Question 8

define stress Hematopoiesis

Answer 8

induced by event (anemia, infection)

Question 9

where does Hematopoiesis take place?

Answer 9

Liver of Fetus

Axial skeleton after birth

Question 10

what are the different components of bone marrow?

Answer 10

yellow- inactive

red- active

Question 11

active bone marrow contains which cells?

Answer 11

Hematopoietic cells
Hematopoietic stem cells
Stromal cells

Question 12

job of Stromal cells?

Answer 12

structual support
signalling
control of Hematopoietic cell maturation

Question 13

Describe Hematopoietic stem cells?

Answer 13

self renewing
multipotent
assymetricc division

Question 14

2 important surface markers of Hematopoietic stem cells?

Answer 14

c-Kit

CD34

Question 15

what is c-Kit?

Answer 15

receptor Tyrosine-Kinase which binds “stem cell factor”

like kit-kat choclate. when you eat it it marks you with choclate

Question 16

what is CD34

Answer 16

cells adhesion regulator. can help stem cells bind to marrow matrix and stromal cells
(like a CD record. you put it inside the radio to make music that adhers to you. i know its bad)

Question 17

how does Hematopoiesis begin?

Answer 17

HSC differentiate from omnipotent to oligopotent

than to unipotent

Question 18

what are the two pathways for multipotent progenitor cells?

Answer 18

1. Lymphoid (become Lymphocytes or Natural killer cells)

2. Myeloid (become Erythrocytes. Platelets, Granulocytes, Monocytes or Mast cells)

Question 19

what factors are responsible for maturation?

Answer 19

cytokines
cell-to-cell contact
surrounding environment
hormones

Question 20

how do Cytokines responsible for maturation?

Answer 20

glycoproteins that induce transcription via Tyrosine-kinase

Question 21

pathway for RBC formation

Answer 21

Myeloid stem cell -> progenitor cell -> proerythroblast -> early erythroblast -> polychromatophilic erythroblast -> orthochromatophilic erythroblast -> reticulocyte -> eryithrocyte

Question 22

what regulates RBC formation?

Answer 22

Erythropoietin (produced by kidney)

Question 23

describe the production of Erythropoietin

Answer 23

low O2 in kidney -> HIF activation -> increased transcription of Erythropoietin

Question 24

pathway for Platelets formation

Answer 24

Myeloid stem cell -> progenitor cell -> megakaryoblast -> thrombopoietin promegakaryocyte -> thrombopoietin megakaryocyte -> thrombopoietin platelets

Question 25

how long does ut take to produce Granulocytes?

Answer 25

9-12 days

**can be sped to 2 days in case of infextion

Question 26

Describe the properties og HSC

Answer 26

• asymmetric division
• self renewal
• multipotency
• no specific morphology

Question 27

HSC will become

Answer 27

MPP

Multipotent Progenitor

Question 28

MPP

Answer 28

CLP (common lymphoid progenitor)
or
CMP (common myeloid progenitor)

Question 29

one megakaryocyte gives us how many platelets?

Answer 29

10^4

Question 30

regulation og hematopoiesis by

Answer 30

1. cell-to-cell contact
2. paracrine signals
3. hormonal signals

Question 31

thrombopoiesis is regulated by

Answer 31

thrombopoietin from the liver