acid base

Question 1

when arterial pH is lower than 7.38 it is called

Answer 1

acidemia

and alkalemia if it is higher than 7.42

Question 2

intracellular pH=

Answer 2

7.2

so more acidic than ECF

Question 3

Acid production has two forms

Answer 3

Volatile (CO2)

Fixed acid

Question 4

example for what will generate fixed acid

Answer 4

catabolism of proteins and phospholipids

Question 5

which AA will generate fixed acid?

Answer 5

sulfur-containing: Met, Cy

Question 6

what will catabolism of Met, Cy generates?

Answer 6

sulforic acid

Question 7

what will the catabolism of phospholipids geenerates?

Answer 7

phosphoric acid

Question 8

which fixed acid can be generated in pathophysiologic states?

Answer 8

B-Hydroxybutyric acid
acetoacetic acid
(also lactic acid when exercise)

Question 9

Aspirin metabolism will give us which fixed acid?

Answer 9

Salicylic acid

Question 10

define a Buffer

Answer 10

mixture of a weak acid and its conjugated base

or week base and its conjugated acid

Question 11

Handerson-Hasselbalch equation

Answer 11

pH = pK + log[A-]/[HA]

Question 12

reaction made by Carbonic Anhydrase

Answer 12

CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3

later will form HCO3- and H+

Question 13

wht bicarbonate buffer is the most important one?

Answer 13

allows quick adaptation to changes in the pH due to its buffering capacity

Question 14

acidemia triggers _____ through:

Answer 14

Hyperventilation

through carotid body chemoreceptors to allow expiration of more CO2

Question 15

urinary tract buffers

Answer 15

phosphate
creatinine
uric acid
(ammonium)

Question 16

what makes Hemoglobin a buffer?

Answer 16

HgB has 37 His residues that can accept a H+

Question 17

PaCO2

Answer 17

38-42 mmHg

Question 18

standart HCO3-

Answer 18

23-25 mM

Question 19

actual HCO3-

Answer 19

23-25 mM

Question 20

Buffer base

Answer 20

44-49 mEq/L

Question 21

base excess

Answer 21

+/- 2.5 mEq/L

Question 22

kidney function in acid-base balance?

Answer 22

1. Bicarbonate reabsorbtion

2. H+ secretion

Question 23

where does bicarbonate reabsorb in the kidney and how?

Answer 23

PCT

with Na+

Question 24

what can effect HCO3- reabsorption?

Answer 24

• filtered load (in case of alkalosis -> tubular transport is saturated -> more Bicarbonate excreted)
• ECF volume (increased ECF -> decreased HCO3- reabsorption)

Question 25

metabolic acidosis is due to

Answer 25

decrease inbicarbonate which can be caused by an increase in fixed acids (there is not enough HCO3- to neutralize them)
or maybe we lost HCO3-

Question 26

metabolic alkalosis is due to

Answer 26

increased in HCO3-

Question 27

resoiratory acidosis is due to

Answer 27

Hypoventilation
CO2 retention
decreased pH

Question 28

resoiratory alkalosis is due to

Answer 28

Hyperventilation

Question 29

A- form of Bicarbonate buffer is

Answer 29

HCO3-

Question 30

pK of the HCO3-/CO2 buffer

Answer 30

6.1