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SN Physiology Final > Last moment Q > Flashcards

Last moment Q Flashcards

1
Q

in order for iron to be absorbed in the ileum we need

A
  1. Fe+++ in the intestinal cell membrane is being converted to Fe++ by reductase enzyme
  2. gets inside the cell with H+ (by Divalent Metal Transporter 1)
  3. free iron binds apoferritin and transported to BL side through ferroportin transporter
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2
Q

in the circulation, iron is bound to

A

transferrin

iron is in Fe+++

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3
Q

B12 absorption needs

A

IF

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4
Q

IF are made by

A

Parietal cells n the stomach

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5
Q

in the circulation, we can find B12 bound to

A

Transcobalamine

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6
Q

in order to transcribe EPO what needs to happen?

A

low levels of O2 -> enzyme bound to HIF release HIF -> HIF is a transcription factor that will go inside the nucleus -> EPO will be transcribe

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7
Q

How will Myeloid linage will know to produce RBC?

A

gets the signal from EPO

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8
Q

Asthma is an example of what disease?

A

Obstructive lung disease

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9
Q

subendothelial collagen is in contact with platelets through

A

vWF and Gp-Ib

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10
Q

platelets adher to each other via

A

Gp-IIb

Gp-IIIa

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11
Q

kallikrein will

A

HMWK -> Bradykinin

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12
Q

Bradykinin will

A

vasodilation
permeability
pain

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13
Q

how does the decrease in afterload effect the SV?

A

increases SV

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14
Q

how can we increase the contractility of the heart?

A

via B1 R

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15
Q

B1 R activation in the heart effects

A
  • Ca++ ch phosphorylated so more Ca++ enters
  • Ca induce Ca release
  • Phospholambdan phosphor, leads to restore Ca storage in SR
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16
Q

what does the preload depends on?

A

EDV

depends on venous tone and circulating blood volume

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17
Q

what is pulse pressure?

A

difference btw SBP and DBP

PP=SBP-DBP

PP=120-80

18
Q

what happens to systolic and diastolic while excersizing?

A

systolic increases in time
diastolic stay the samr
SV increases

19
Q

MAP=

A

COxTPR

20
Q

define MAP

A

avarage arterial pressure during single Cardiac cycle

21
Q

force of contraction is proportional to

A

End Diastolic length of cardiac muscle fiber (preload)

22
Q

which vessels have the lowest flow velocity? why?

A

capillaries, bcs their CSA is the highest

23
Q

what aare somatomedins?

A

Insulin like growth factors

IGF-1 (in adults)

24
Q

erythropoiesis pathway

A
  1. HSC
  2. Proerythroblasts
  3. basophilic erythroblasts
  4. polychromatic erythroblasts
  5. orthochromatic erythroblasts
  6. reticulocyte
  7. RBC
25
Q

Em of neuron

A

-70 mV

26
Q

Em of skeletal muscle

A

-90 mV

27
Q

skeletal muscle equilibrium potential

A 
K= -94 mV
Na= +65 mV
Cl= -88 mV
28
Q

neuron equilibrium potential

A 
K= -90 mV
Na= +60 mV
Cl= -70 mV
Ca= +130 mV
29
Q

how do we call the conductivity using nods of Ranvier?

A

Saltatory conductance

saltatory=discontineous

30
Q

3 phases of VGNa Ch

A
  1. open
  2. close
  3. inactive
31
Q

structure of of VGNa Ch

A

they have activation gate and inactivation gate

32
Q

define absolute refractory period

A

when there is rapid depol, the VGNa Ch are either open/ inactivated, which means nothing can activate them right now

33
Q

define relative refractory period

A

when there is repolarisation some of the VGNa Ch become closed again and then we can activate them but it requires a very big stimulus

34
Q

how do actin myosin arranged in smooth muscle cells?

A

Diagonally

35
Q

the T tubule is the same as ____ in the smooth muscle cell

A

cavelolae= deposited of Ca++

36
Q

the Z line is the same as ____ in the smooth muscle cell

A

dense bodies

37
Q

the Troponin is the same as ____ in the smooth muscle cell

A

Calmodulin

38
Q

baroreceptors take the information about blood pressure to what nuclei?

A

tractos solitarius nuclei

39
Q

tractus solitarius connects with three centers:

A

cardiac accelatretor- symp
vaso-motor- symp
cardiac inhibitory - parasymp

40
Q

resistance and radius prop

A

inversley proportional to the r^4

so when r is increased- resistance decrease

when r decrease resistance increases a lot

41
Q

NE is released in the SA node to bind which R?

A

B1

SN Physiology Final (59 decks)

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