Last moment Q Flashcards
in order for iron to be absorbed in the ileum we need
- Fe+++ in the intestinal cell membrane is being converted to Fe++ by reductase enzyme
- gets inside the cell with H+ (by Divalent Metal Transporter 1)
- free iron binds apoferritin and transported to BL side through ferroportin transporter
in the circulation, iron is bound to
transferrin
iron is in Fe+++
B12 absorption needs
IF
IF are made by
Parietal cells n the stomach
in the circulation, we can find B12 bound to
Transcobalamine
in order to transcribe EPO what needs to happen?
low levels of O2 -> enzyme bound to HIF release HIF -> HIF is a transcription factor that will go inside the nucleus -> EPO will be transcribe
How will Myeloid linage will know to produce RBC?
gets the signal from EPO
Asthma is an example of what disease?
Obstructive lung disease
subendothelial collagen is in contact with platelets through
vWF and Gp-Ib
platelets adher to each other via
Gp-IIb
Gp-IIIa
kallikrein will
HMWK -> Bradykinin
Bradykinin will
vasodilation
permeability
pain
how does the decrease in afterload effect the SV?
increases SV
how can we increase the contractility of the heart?
via B1 R
B1 R activation in the heart effects
- Ca++ ch phosphorylated so more Ca++ enters
- Ca induce Ca release
- Phospholambdan phosphor, leads to restore Ca storage in SR
what does the preload depends on?
EDV
depends on venous tone and circulating blood volume
what is pulse pressure?
difference btw SBP and DBP
PP=SBP-DBP
PP=120-80
what happens to systolic and diastolic while excersizing?
systolic increases in time
diastolic stay the samr
SV increases
MAP=
COxTPR
define MAP
avarage arterial pressure during single Cardiac cycle
force of contraction is proportional to
End Diastolic length of cardiac muscle fiber (preload)
which vessels have the lowest flow velocity? why?
capillaries, bcs their CSA is the highest
what aare somatomedins?
Insulin like growth factors
IGF-1 (in adults)
erythropoiesis pathway
- HSC
- Proerythroblasts
- basophilic erythroblasts
- polychromatic erythroblasts
- orthochromatic erythroblasts
- reticulocyte
- RBC
Em of neuron
-70 mV
Em of skeletal muscle
-90 mV
skeletal muscle equilibrium potential
K= -94 mV Na= +65 mV Cl= -88 mV
neuron equilibrium potential
K= -90 mV Na= +60 mV Cl= -70 mV Ca= +130 mV
how do we call the conductivity using nods of Ranvier?
Saltatory conductance
saltatory=discontineous
3 phases of VGNa Ch
- open
- close
- inactive
structure of of VGNa Ch
they have activation gate and inactivation gate
define absolute refractory period
when there is rapid depol, the VGNa Ch are either open/ inactivated, which means nothing can activate them right now
define relative refractory period
when there is repolarisation some of the VGNa Ch become closed again and then we can activate them but it requires a very big stimulus
how do actin myosin arranged in smooth muscle cells?
Diagonally
the T tubule is the same as ____ in the smooth muscle cell
cavelolae= deposited of Ca++
the Z line is the same as ____ in the smooth muscle cell
dense bodies
the Troponin is the same as ____ in the smooth muscle cell
Calmodulin
baroreceptors take the information about blood pressure to what nuclei?
tractos solitarius nuclei
tractus solitarius connects with three centers:
cardiac accelatretor- symp
vaso-motor- symp
cardiac inhibitory - parasymp
resistance and radius prop
inversley proportional to the r^4
so when r is increased- resistance decrease
when r decrease resistance increases a lot
NE is released in the SA node to bind which R?
B1
