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SN Physiology Final > 7.4 > Flashcards

7.4 Flashcards

1
Q

how do the a, b, delta cells of pancreas interact with each other?

A
  1. gap junction
  2. blood flow
  3. innervation
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2
Q

delta cells produce

A

somatostatins

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3
Q

structure of preproinsulin

A

signal
A
B
connecting peptide

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4
Q

proinsulin structure

A

A
B
connecting peptide
(the signal was cleaved)

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5
Q

what happens to proinsulin once it gets to the ER?

A

folds
cooecting peptide is cleaved
connecting peptide and mature insulin are packed into secretory granules

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6
Q

how many units of insulin are secreted each day?

A

30-40 Units

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7
Q

which AA stimulate release of insulin?

A

Lys
Arg
Leu

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8
Q

which GLUT on pancreatic B cell?

affinity?

A

GLUT2

low affinity to glucose!

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9
Q

what happens to glucose when it gets into the cell?

A

phosphorylated by Glucokinas -> ATP production -> ATP will close ATP sens. K+ channels -> Depol -> voltage gated Ca++ open -> exocytosis of insulin

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10
Q

inhibitors of insulin secretion?

A 
hypoglycemia
SST
leptin
a2 adrenergic R
FFA
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11
Q

which drug can help Type II DM?

A

Sulfonylurea
clode ATP sens K+ ch
to increase secretion of Insulin

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12
Q

what induces the Incretin effect?

A

GIP (Glucose Dependant Insulotropic Peptide)

GLP (Glucagon Like Peptide)

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13
Q

how glucaogen activated insulin secretion?

A

activates Gq to cause increase in Ca++ signal (which will cause secretion of insulin)

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14
Q

structure of insulin R?

A 
2X a (extracellular)
2X b (intracellular)
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15
Q

job of the b subunit?

A

Tyrosine-Kinase activity

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16
Q

Insulin action in the body

A
  1. decreases blood glucose (hiiii GLUT4)
  2. decreases blood FA conc
  3. decreasse blood AA levels
  4. glycolysis
17
Q

describe Type I DM

A
  • Autoimmune process deteriorates B cells
    (Insulin dependant)
  • no insulin production
  • hyperglycemia
  • no glycogen storage in muscles so protein degregation
  • glucagon secretion is high bcs no negative feedback from insulin
  • sweet urine
  • osmotic diuresis
  • diabetic ketoacidosis
18
Q

describe Type II DM

A

non insulin dependant!!
insulin resistance
twice us much insulin to keep blood glucose normal
impared response to insulin

19
Q

how can we diagnose DM?

A

Glucose tolerance test
Glycated Hg
C peptide

20
Q

nornal blood glucose levels while fasting

A

5 mM

21
Q

prediabetic blood glucose levels while fasting

A

6.1-7 mM

22
Q

diabetic blood glucose levels while fasting

A

above 7 mM

SN Physiology Final (59 decks)

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