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SN Physiology Final > 2.4 > Flashcards

2.4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 parameters that describe the fuction of the ventricles?

A
  1. cardiac output
  2. stroke volume
  3. ejection fraction
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2
Q

define CO

A

the volume of blood being pumped from left ventricle to the aorta per minute

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3
Q

resting CO=

A

5-6 L/min

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4
Q

CO equation

A

CO = HR x SV

HR=70 BPM, SV=80mL

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5
Q

how does CO related to MABP?

A

MABP= CO x TPR

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6
Q

define SV

A

difference btw the volume of blood in the ventricle before ejection (EDV) and after ejection (ESV)

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7
Q

SV equation

A

SV = EDV - ESV

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8
Q

define Ejection Fraction

A

fraction of blood that was available for systole (EDV) that is ejected in one SV

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9
Q

what does Ejection Fraction tell you?

A

effectiveness of the ventricles in ejecting blood

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10
Q

EF equation

A

EV = SV / EDV

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11
Q

what is the normal value of EF?

A

55%

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12
Q

what does Heterometric regulation means?

A

how different initial fibers length impact the force of contraction

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13
Q

what happens to the heart when it recieves more blood?

preload

A

myocardium will stretch more -> more forceful contraction

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14
Q

what happens when you increase preload but the contraction is not strong enough?

A

ESV will be large

bcs not enough contractility to eject all the blood out

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15
Q

what is the Frank-Sterling law?

A

the stroke volume of the heart increases in response to an increase in the volume of blood in the ventricles, before contraction (EDV)

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16
Q

define Afterload

A

the pressure against which the heart must work to eject blood during systole
(so basically aortic pressure)

17
Q

what happens when there is an increase in Afterload?

A

first beat of the heart is unable to pump out the usual amount of blood (aortic pressure is to high) -> ESV↑ -> EDV↑

18
Q

what does Homometric regulation means?

A

force of contraction is changed irrespective to the fiber length

19
Q

when activating B1 R using the Symp NS, what are the consequences?

A

phosphorylation of:

  1. L-type VGCC -> larger influx of Ca++
  2. RYR-2
  3. Phospholamban
  4. Troponin I
20
Q

what is the effect of increased contractility on the heart?

A

more blood volume will be ejected (SV↑, EF↑)

21
Q

what factors influence CO?

A
  1. HR
  2. Myocardial Contractility
  3. Preload
  4. Afterload
    ALSO
    - Temparture
    - Ion conc
    - Hypoxia
    - Ischemia
    - Cardiac glycosides

SN Physiology Final (59 decks)

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