5.6

Question 1

Metabolism refers to

Answer 1

Chemical reactions in the body

Question 2

1 calorie= ___ J

Answer 2

4.2 Joules

Question 3

How do we measure the amount of energy food provides?

Answer 3

Calorimeter- burns food

Question 4

energy content of carbohydrates

Answer 4

17.2 kJ/gram

Question 5

energy content of proteins

Answer 5

17.2 kJ/gram

Question 6

respiratory quotient (RQ) is the ratio:

Answer 6

RQ = CO2 eliminated / O2 consumed

for each nutrient the metabolism is different

Question 7

energy content of fat

Answer 7

39 KJ/gram

Question 8

RQ for carbohydrates

Answer 8

1

Question 9

RQ for proteins

Answer 9

0.82

Question 10

RQ for fat

Answer 10

0.7

Question 11

How can we measure TEE?

Answer 11

measuring a personws heat production (=rate of metabolism)

Question 12

TEE=

Answer 12

heat production + external work

Question 13

What is the indirect method of measuring TEE?

Answer 13

we measure oxygen consumption

Question 14

Define BMR

Answer 14

minimal energy expenditure required to exist

awake, without physical activity

Question 15

TEE=

Answer 15

BMR + DIT + EE in physcial activity

Diet Induced Thermogenesis

Question 16

How do we measure BMR?

Answer 16

• usually in the morning
• no physical activity
• 20 C
• no food
• no stress
• no drugs

Question 17

Normal BMR values

Answer 17

Men= 7,000 KJ/day
Women= 6,000 KJ/day

Question 18

BMR is influenced by

Answer 18

• body size
• sex
• age
• temparture
• climate
• pregnancy
• some hormones
• drugs, stress, injuries

Question 19

BMR is how much of TEE?

Answer 19

usually 50-70%

Question 20

DIT is how much of TEE?

Answer 20

10-15%

Question 21

EE in physical activity is how much of TEE?

Answer 21

15-30%

Question 22

Brown adipose structure?

Answer 22

less fat

a lot of mitochondria

Question 23

What is the special feature of brown adipocyte?

Answer 23

their mitochondria contains Uncouplin Protein (UCP1)

Question 24

UCP1 effect?

Answer 24

allows H+ to flow from intermembrane space to matrix

leading to less ATP synthesis and more heat production

Question 25

What does stimulation of B3 R on brown adipocytes lead to?

Answer 25

Gs
Hormone sensitive Lipase activation
TAG cleavage
free FA activate UCP1

Question 26

What will stimulate the baige adipose tissue?

Answer 26

exposure to cold and to catecholamines

Question 27

feeding center and satiety center get info from

Answer 27

arcuate nucleus

Question 28

POMC

Answer 28

Pro Opio Melano Cortin

Question 29

Anorexigenic neurons release

Answer 29

POMC -> decreased appetite

Question 30

Orexigenic neurons release

Answer 30

Neuropeptide Y -> increased appetite

Question 31

effects of leptin

Answer 31

• decreased hunger (stimulate anorexigenic neurons)
• increased thermogenesis
• increased energy expenditure

so overall to restore adipose tissue mass to set point

Question 32

Neuropeptides from GI that will decrease hunger?

Answer 32

• GLP1 (stimulates insulin secretion)
• Peptide YY (inhibits ghrelin)
• CCK (Chylocystokinin)
• CART (Cocaine-And-Amphetamine-Regulated-Transcript)

Question 33

Neuropeptides from GI that will increase hunger?

Answer 33

• Ghrelin (GHRH)

- Orexins (fight against sleep)