Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Undeleted > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Type 1 pneumocytes

A

line alveoli

for gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Type 2 pneumocytes

A

produce surfactant
proliferate during lung damage
precursor to pneumocytes I and II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Expiratory muscles

A

abs

internal intercostals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hysteresis

A

difference b/t inspiration and expiration Vol/P graph

due to overcoming surface tension in inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Functional reserve capacity

A

after normal expiration

chest wall expansion=lung elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bohr effect

A

oxygen more readily released by Hb with increased 2,3-BPG, H+, Cl-, CO2, temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Methemoglobin

A

ferric iron bound (Fe3+)
does not readily bind oxygen
tx with methylene blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pulmonary hypoxia

A

causes vasoconstriction (unlike other tissues)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary PAH

A

BMPR2 gene inactivating mutation

PAH over 25mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Secondary PAH

A

from COPD or recurrent thromboemboli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cor pulmonale

A

RVH and cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

V/Q mismatches

A

V/Q=0, airway obstruction

V/Q=infinity, infarct/no blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

V/Q values of the lung

A

ideal=1
apex of lung is higher (less blood flow)
base of lung is low (more blood flow)
overall base has more V and Q though

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Haldane effect

A

RBC’s release CO2 when increased O2 present (in lungs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

High altitudes on blood chemistry

A

decreased PCO2 (hyperventilation)
increased RBC’s/EPO
increased 2,3-BPG (increased oxygen release)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Virchow’s triad and Homan’s sign

A 
Stasis
hypercoagulability
endothelial damage
all for DVT
Homan's-dorsiflexion of foot causes pain=DVT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DVT treatment

A

heparin for acute

warfarin for long term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sign of pulmonary emboli

A

hypoxemia
CNS sx
petechial rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Obstructive lung disease characteristics

A 
barrel chest (increased residual volume)
increased FEV1/FVC ration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

COPD with emphysema
hypertrophy of mucous glands
hypercapnea/wt gain (blue bloaters)
productive cough over 3 mo for over 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Emphysema

A

pink puffers
pursed lips/erythematous
increased lung compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Centriacinar emphysema

A

increased proteases

from smoking

23
Q

Panacinar emphysema

A

decreased antiprotease (A1AT deficiency)

24
Q

Paraseptal emphysema

A

giant bullae

spontaneous pneumothorax in young males

25
Q

Asthma characteristics

A

Curschmann spirals (mucus plugs)
Charcot Leyden crystals (eosinophil breakdown)
hyperresponsiveness
smooth muscle hypertrophy

26
Q

Bronchiectasis characteristics

A

chronic necrotizing bronchi infection
permanently dilates airways
assc with Cystic fibrosis/Kartagener’s syndrome/allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

27
Q

Restrictive lung disease characteristics

A

decreased lung volume
normal FEV1/FVC
caused by fibrosis/damage to lungs
Sarcoidosis/Goodpasture’s/Wegener’s

28
Q

Anthracosis

A

upper lungs

assc with coal miners

29
Q

Silicosis

A

increased TB/bronchogenic carcinoma
sandblasting/foundry work
disruption of macrophages
fibrosis/upper lungs

30
Q

Asbestosis

A

lower lungs
calcified pleural plaques
increased mesothelioma/carcinoma
golden-brown fusiform rods (asbestos bodies)

31
Q

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

A

tx with corticosteroids before birth
decreased surfactant
risk of PDA with low oxygen levels
risk with maternal DM

32
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

ARDS
intra alveolar hyaline membrane
ROS damage lungs
triggered by traumatic event

33
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea

A

assc with obesity
HTN
hypoxia causes increased EPO/RBC production

34
Q

Resorption atelectasis

A

airway obstruction

deviates toward obstruction

35
Q

Compression atelectasis

A

air/fluid in pleural space

deviates away

36
Q

Contraction atelectasis

A

fibrotic, irreversible lung damage

prevents full expansion

37
Q

Lung cancer

A

most common is metastatic (breast,colon,prostate)

coin lesion on x-ray

38
Q

Adenocarcinoma of lungs

A

nonsmoking females

K-RAS mutation

39
Q

SSC of lungs

A

hilar mass
cavitation/cigarettes/hypercalcemia
keratin pearls

40
Q

Small cell carcinoma of lung

A

undifferentiated
Lambert-Eaton assc
myc oncogene mutation
Kulchitsky cells (dark blue cells)

41
Q

Mesothelioma

A

assc with asbestos
hemorrhagic pleural effusions
pasammoma bodies

42
Q

SVC syndrome

A

impaired blood drainage from head

assc with malignancy or indwelling catheters

43
Q

Lobar pneumonia

A

Strep pneumo
Klebsiella
bacterial

44
Q

Interstitial pneumonia

A

viral/intracellular origin
mycoplasma/legionella/chlyamydia
influenza/RSV/adenovirus

45
Q

Cause of lung abscesses

A

S. aureus
anaerobes (Bacteroides/fusobacterium)
air fluid levels on CXR

46
Q

Transudate cause

A

CHF

cirrhosis

47
Q

1st gen H1 blockers

A

diphenhydramine/dimenhydrinate/chlorpheniramine
cross BBB
cause sedation and antimuscarinic effects

48
Q

Theophylline

A 
inhibits phosphodiesterase (bronchodilates)
can cause cardio/neurotoxicity
49
Q

MOA of ipratoprium

A

blocks muscarinic receptors

prevents bronchoconstriction

50
Q

1st line for long term asthma

A

corticosteroids

51
Q

Use of antileukotrienes (montelukast/zileutin/zafirlukast)

A

aspirin induced asthma

long term asthma if steroids contraindicated

52
Q

MOA of omalizumab

A

anti IgE Ab

allergic asthma when steroids do not work

53
Q

Bosetan MOA

A

antagonizes endothelin 1 receptor
decreases pulmonary resistance
for PAH

Undeleted (71 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions