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Undeleted > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Splenic dysfunction impact

A

increased encapsulated organism risk

decreased IgM causes less C3b opsonization

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2
Q

Positive selection of T lymphocytes

A

in cortex of thymus

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3
Q

Negative selection of T cells

A

medulla of thymus

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4
Q

Recombination of pathogen receptors genes

A

VDJ in lymphocyte development

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5
Q

MHC I characteristics

A

HLA-A,B,C
all nucleated cells
pairs with beta-microglobulin
loaded in RER with intracellular peptides

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6
Q

MCH II characteristics

A

only on APCs
HLA-DR,DP,DQ
loaded following release of invariant chain

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7
Q

HLA B27 assc

A

psoriasis
ankylosing spondylitits
IBD

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8
Q

HLA DR2 assc

A

MS
SLE
Goodpasture’s

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9
Q

Activation of naive T cells

A

B7 and CD28 interaction

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10
Q

B cell activation for class switching

A

CD40 receptor on B cells bound by CD40L of T cell

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11
Q

Regulatory T cell markers

A

CD3
CD4
CD25

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12
Q

Complement binding site on Abs

A

Fc region

determines isotype of Ig

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13
Q

Ab diversity gene

A

V(D)J heavy chain genes
VJ light chain genes
done by somatic hypermutation

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14
Q

Activation of complement

A

IgG and IgM

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15
Q

Opsonization in complement system

A

C3b and IgG

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16
Q

Neutrophil chemotaxis in complement system

A

C5a

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17
Q

MAC cell lysis in complement

A

C5b-C9

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18
Q

Result of C5-C9 deficiency

A

Recurrent Neisseria infections

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19
Q

Ig differentiation cytokines

A

IL-4 does IgE and IgG production

IL-5 does IgA production

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20
Q

Role of interferon alpha and beta

A

inhibits viral protein synthesis

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21
Q

Role of intefereon gamma

A

increase MHC I and II expression

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22
Q

B cell surface markers

A

CD19
CD20
CD21 (for EBV receptor)
CD40 (for acivation)

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23
Q

Bugs with antigenic variation (5)

A 
Salmonella
Borrelia
N. gonorrheae (maltose (-))
influenza
trypanosomes
24
Q

Impact of live attenuated vaccine

A

cellular response

life-long immunity

25
Q

Impact of killed vaccine

A

humoral immunity by surface antigen response

needs booster shot

26
Q

Type II hypersensitivity rxn diseases

A

Pernicious anemia
Rheumatic fever
Goodpasture’s syndrome

27
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity rxn diseases

A

MS
Guillian-Barre syndrome
PPD test

28
Q

Type III hypersensitivity rxn diseases

A

SLE

poststrep glomerulonephritis

29
Q

HS type of blood transfusion acute hemolytic or febrile nonhemolytic transfusion rxns

A

type II HS

30
Q

Anti-dsDNA/anti-Smith disease

A

SLE

31
Q

Anti-Scl-70 disease/anti-centromere

A

scleroderma

32
Q

Anti-basement membrane disease

A

Goodpasture’s

33
Q

Anti-SSA/SSB disease

A

Sjogren’s syndrome

34
Q

c-ANCA disease

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis

35
Q

p-ANCA disease

A

Churg-Strauss/microscopic polyangiitis

36
Q

Tyrosine kinase gene defect

recurrent bacterial infections after 6 months

A 
X linked (bruton's) apammaglobulinemia
defect in BTK
no B cell maturation
opsonization defect
37
Q

Hypocalcemia
recurrent viral/fungal infections
no T cells

A

Digeorge’s syndrome
no thymus
22q11 deletion
3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches

38
Q

Failure to thrive
recurrent infections of all types
low T cells

A

SCID

defective IL-2 receptor (X-linked) or adenosine deaminase defect

39
Q

Cerebellar defects
IgA deficiency
spider angiomas

A

Ataxia-telangiectasia
ATM gene defect
DNA repair enzymes

40
Q

Increased IgM

severe pyogenic infection in infancy

A 
Hyper IgM syndrome
defect in CD40L on T helper cells
no class switching
41
Q

Thrombocytopenic purpura
infections
eczema
X-linked

A

Wiskott Aldrich syndrome
WAS gene
T cells cannot reogranize actin

42
Q

Recurrent infections

no pus formation

A

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

defect in LFA-1 integrin (CD18)

43
Q

Partial albinism
recurrent pyogenic infections (staph/strep)
giant neutrophil granules

A

Chediak-Higashi syndrome
AR
defect in LYST
microtubule dysfunction of lysosome fusion

44
Q

Increased S aureus/E. coli/aspergillus infections

A

Chronic granulomatous disease
lack of NADPH oxidase
no respiratory burst in neutrophils

45
Q

Hyperacute transplant rejection

A

within minutes
Type II HS
preformed anti-donor Abs
ischemia/necrosis

46
Q

Acute transplant rejection

A

within weeks
cell mediated to CTL against foreign MHC’s
immunosuppressants work

47
Q

Chronic transplant rejection

A

month-yrs
class MHC-1 on donor detected as nonself, T cells destroy donor cells
irreversible/fibrosis

48
Q

Graft vs Host disease

A

immunocompetent cells donated attack host organs
maculopapular rash
hepatosplenomegaly
diarrhea

49
Q

MOA of cyclosporine

A

blocks T cell activation by calcineurin inhibition

50
Q

MOA of tracolimus

A

binds FK-binding protein

inhibits calcineurin and IL-2 secretion

51
Q

MOA of sirolimus

A

inhibits mTOR

no T cell proliferation via IL-2

52
Q

MOA azathioprine

A

6-MCP precursor

nucleic acid syntehsis inhibitor

53
Q

IgA Antiendomysial

A

Celiac disease

54
Q

Antimitochondrial Abs

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

55
Q

Antimicrosomal Abs

A

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

56
Q

Antismooth muscle Abs

A

autoimmune hepatitis

57
Q

Anti-glutamate decarboxylase

A

type I DM

Undeleted (71 decks)

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