Pharm Flashcards
Half life eqn
t(half)=0.7*Vd/CL
Volume of distribution eqn
Vd=amt in body/plasma conc
Clearance eqn
CL=rate of elimination/plasma conc
Loading dose eqn
LD=Cp*(Vd/F)
Cp=target plasma conc
Maintenance dose eqn
MD=Cp*CL/F
Half lives to reach steady state
4-5
Action of competitive antagonist
decreases potency
Action of noncompetitive antagonist
decrease efficacy
Nicotinic receptors
ACh
Na+/K+ channels
Nn on autonomic ganglia
Nm on NMJ
Muscarinic receptors
ACh G protein coupled M1-CNS, Gq M2-heart, Gi M3-smooth m., endocrine, accomodation, Gq
D1 receptor
relaxes renal vascular smooth m.
D2 receptor
modulates CNS neurotransmitters
Bethanechol use
activates bowel/bladder smooth m.
ACh agonist
Carbachol use
glaucoma/decreases intraocular P
Ach agonist
Pilocarpine use
open and closed angle glaucoma
contracts ciliary m. and pupillary sphincter
Uses of anticholintesterases
Myasthenia gravis/anticholinergic toxicity
Neostigmine/pyridostigmine
edrophonium/physostigmine/donepezil
Use for physostigmine
anticholinergic toxicity
crosses BBB
Use of donepezil
Alzheimer’s disease
anticholinesterase action
Antidote for anticholinergic agents
atropine + pralidoxime
Muscarinic antagonists
atropine/tropicamide benztropine scpolamine ipratropium/tiotropium oxybutynin glycopyrrolate
Use of Benztropine
Parkinson’s disease
ACh antagonist
Use of scopolamine
motion sickness
ACh antagonist
Use of atropine/tropicamide
pupil dilation
Risk with atropine
can cause acute angle closure glaucoma in elderly
due to pupil dilation
Terbutaline
beta agonist
can reduce premature uterine contractions
Central acting alpha2 agonists
clonidine
alpha-methyldopa
Use of phenoxybenzamine
pheochromocytoma
alpha blocker (irreversible)
phentolamine is reversible
Use of mirtazapine
for depression
alpha 2 antagonist
also increases apetite
Beta-1 selective antagonists
acebutolol betaxolol esmolol atenolol metoprolol MABES
Nonselective beta antagonists
propranolol
timolol
nadolol
pindolol
Nonselective alpha/beta antagonists
carvedilol
labetalol
Tx for digitalis OD
Lidocaine
Abs to dig
Mg2+
Tx for lead poisoning
dimercaprol/succimer/CaEDTA
Tx for iron overload
deferoxamine
Tx for Hg/Arsenic/gold OD
dimercaprol/succimer
Tx for Copper OD
penicillamine
Tx for cyanide poisoning
nitrite + thiosulfate
Tx for methanol poisoning
fomepizole
Tx for benzodiazepine OD
flumazenil
Drugs causing flushing
vancomycin
niacin
CCB’s
Drug causing dilated cardiomyopathy
doxorubicin
Drugs causing torsades de pointes
Class IA and III antiarrhythmics
Drugs causing hemolysis in G6PD deficiency
INH sulfa drugs primaquine aspirin ibuprofen nitrofurantoin
Drugs causing pulmonary fibrosis
amiodarone
bleomycin
busulfan
Drugs causing gingival hyperplasia
phenytoin
verapamil
Tendon rupture adverse effect drug
fluoroquinolones
Drugs inducing CYP450
barbiturates St John's Wort phenytoin rifampin excess EtOH intake
Drugs inhibiting CYP450
macrolides grapefruit juice isoniazid ketoconazole quinidine
