Neurology Flashcards
Risk factors for stroke (5)
HTN & age most important
smoking
CAD
Afib
Risk of stroke after TIA
30% in 5 years
Complications from stroke
cerebral edema w/in 1-2 days
tx with mannitol and hyperventilation
Tx for ischemic stroke
tPA within 3 hrs if possible
if not, ASA within 24hrs
keep BP<220/120
Causes of hemorrhagic stroke
HTN
ischemic stroke conversion
AVM
tumor
Locations for hemorrhagic strokes
basal ganglia most common
pons
cerebellum
Tx for hemorrhagic stroke
control BP<180/105 with nitroprusside
mannitol + diuretics
surgery
Sx of subarachnoid hemorrhage (4)
severe HA
transient LOC
retinal hemorrhages
vomiting
Dx of subarachnoid hemorrhage
CT w/o contrast shows star sign
LP if CT negative, xanthochromia shows it was not a traumatic tap
Complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage (5)
vasospam (tx with CCBs) rerupture hydrocephalus seizure due to blood SIADH
Tx for subarachnoid hemorrhage
neurosurgery
IV NS
control HTN
CCB for vasospasm
Sx of Parkinson’s (4)
tremor (goes away with intention)
bradykinesia/rigidity
expresionless face
change in personality
Dx for Parkinson’s
clinical
onset usually over 50yrs
Tx for Parkinson’s
levodopa/carbidopa
trihexyphenidyl/benztropine for tremor
Sx of Huntington’s (5)
chorea changed personality progressive dementia bradykinesia/rigidity incontinence
Dx of Huntington’s
atrophy of caudate
Tx for Huntingont’s
DA antagonsists
Causes of ataxia (7)
EtOH Vit B12 deficiency cerebellar infarct/tumor MS AIDS syphilis Friedrich's ataxia/ataxia telangiectasia
Tx for Tourette’s
clonidine
haloperidol
Causes of dementia (10)
Alzheimer's vascular dementia tumor normal pressure hydrocephalus Lewy body Pick's disease Wilson's/Parkinsons/Huntingtons HIV/syphilis Creutzfeld Jacob hypothyroidism
Sx of Alzheimer’s disease (5)
changed personality visuospatial disturbances paranoia hallucinations incontinence
Dx of Alzheimer’s
diffuse cortical atrophy and enlarged ventricles on CT
Sx of Lewy body dementia
visual hallucinations
more rapid deterioration than Alzheimer’s
extrapyramidal sx
Tx for Multiple Sclerosis
IV corticosteroids
interferon beta-1a
Assc with Guillain-Barre (5)
mycoplasma campylobacter hepatitis HIV CMV
Dx of Guillain-Barre
CSF with elevated protein and normal cell count
Tx for myasthenia gravis
pyridostigmine
thymectomy*
Findings with NF type 1 (6)
cafe au lait spots neurofibromas glioma/meningioma Lisch nodules pheochromocytoma optic nerve glioma
Findings with NF type 2 (4)
acoustic neuromas
meningiomas
cataracts
cafe au lait spots
Findings with tuberous sclerosis (4)
renal angiomyolipoma
cardiac rhabdomyoma
angiofibromas
retinal hamartomas
Findings with Sturge-Weber (2)
port-wine stain
capillary angiomatoses of pia mater
Findings with von Hippel Lindau (3)
renal cell carcinoma
cavernous hemangiomas
pheochromocytoma
Sx of poliomyelitis
flaccid paralysis
intact sensation
Tx for peripheral vertigo
meclizine
Tx for Meniere’s disease
thiazides
Na+ restriction
Types of seizures
Simple partial-no LOC
Complex partial-altered consciousness
Generalized/complete- true LOC
Mgt for status epilepticus
IV diazepam +phenytoin +dextrose
IV phenobarbital if resistant
Causes of Bell’s palsy (5)
Guillain-Barre HSV Lyme disease cholesteatoma trauma
