Path

Question 1

Nuclear shrinkage from apoptosis

Answer 1

pyknosis

Question 2

Nuclear fragmentation from apoptosis

Answer 2

karyorrhexis

Question 3

Intrinsic apoptosis pathway

Answer 3

increased mitochondrial permeability

cytochrome c release

Question 4

Extrinsic apoptosis pathway

Answer 4

CD95 receptor binding

cytotoxic T cell destruction

Question 5

Coagulative necrosis

Answer 5

heart
liver
kidney

Question 6

Liequefactive necrosis

Answer 6

brain

pleural effusion

Question 7

Fibrinoid necrosis

Answer 7

blood vessels

Question 8

Areas of ischemia vulnerability

Answer 8

watershed areas of brain
subendocardium
renal cortex
zone III of liver (around central v.)
splenic flexure

Question 9

Pale infarcts

Answer 9

solid tissues

single blood supply

Question 10

Tight binding of WBC’s to endothelium

Answer 10

I-CAM1 mediated

Question 11

Chemo attractants for leukocytes

Answer 11

C5a
IL-8
LTB4
kallikrein

Question 12

Mediation of cachexia

Answer 12

TNF-alpha
IFN-gamma
IL-6

Question 13

Malignancy assc with Down syndrome

Answer 13

ALL (more so)

AML

Question 14

Tuberous sclerosis neoplasms

Answer 14

renal angiomyolipoma
cardiac rhabdomyoma
astrocytoma

Question 15

c-myc gene translocation assc

Answer 15

Burkitt’s lymphoma

t(8:14)

Question 16

bcl-2 gene translocation assc

Answer 16

Follicular lymphoma

t(14:18)

Question 17

abl gene translocation assc

Answer 17

CML
t(9:22)
Philadelphia chromosome

Question 18

ras mutation assc

Answer 18

colon carcinoma

Question 19

ret mutation assc

Answer 19

MEN types 2A and 2B

Question 20

p53 mutation assc

Answer 20

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

seen in most cancers

Question 21

melanoma gene mutation assc

Answer 21

p16

BRAF

Question 22

NF-1 mutation

Answer 22

assc with neurofibromatosis type 1

lack of RAS signal regulation

Question 23

NF-2 mutation

Answer 23

merlin/schwannomin protein loss

Question 24

alpha-fetoprotein use

Answer 24

hepatocellular carcinoma

germ cell tumors

Question 25

beta-hCG use

Answer 25

hydatidiform moles

choriocarcinomas

Question 26

TRAP stain use

Answer 26

hairy cell leukemia

Question 27

Schistosoma haematobium malignancy assc

Answer 27

bladder cancer

has terminal spine/hematuria

Question 28

Clonorchis sinensis malignancy assc

Answer 28

cholangiocarcinoma

Question 29

3 carcinogens on liver

Answer 29

aflatoxins (form aspergillus)-carcinoma
vinyl chloride-angiosarcoma
CCl4-centrilobular necrosis

Question 30

Risk of naphthalene/aniline dyes

Answer 30

transitional cell carcinoma of bladder

Question 31

Malignancy assc with increased ACTH

Answer 31

Small cell lung carcinoma

causes Cushing’s syndrome

Question 32

Malignancy assc with increased ADH

Answer 32

small cell lung carcinoma

intracranial neoplasms

Question 33

Malignancy assc with increased Ca2+/PTH

Answer 33

SCC of lung
renal cell carcinoma
breast cancer

Question 34

Lambert-Eaton syndrome assc with malignancy

Answer 34

small cell lung carcinoma

Question 35

Psammoma bodies assc

Answer 35

papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid
serious papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary
meningioma
mesothelioma
calcific spherules seen

Question 36

Deposition of Ig light chains

Answer 36

Amyloidosis (AL)

Question 37

Deposition of serum amyloid A

Answer 37

Amyloidosis (AA) in chronic diseases

Question 38

Deposition of beta2-microglobulins

Answer 38

Dialysis related Amyloidosis

Question 39

Deposition of transthyretin

Answer 39

Heritable amyloidosis from gene mutation

Question 40

Deposition of transthyretin in myocardium

Answer 40

Senile amyloidosis, slower progression

Question 41

Cancer assc with Plummer-Vinson syndrome

Answer 41

SCC of esophagus