Qbank questions Flashcards
Vessel size involved in Sturge Weber
capillary sized
MOA of glitazones
bind PPAR-gamma, decrease insulin resistance
Things Vit C is needed to make
Epi from dopamine
Steroids in adrenals
hydroxylation in collagen (Pro/Lys)
What parts of nervous system does Charcot Mariet tooth effect
ant horns and post columns
Risk of buproprion use
decreases seizure threshold
Antacid causing hyporeflexia/hypotension
Mg(OH)2
Skin lesion assc with HSV
erythema multiforme
Skin lesion assc with Rheumatic fever
erythema marginatum
Drugs not to use with Linezolid
MAOIs or SSRIs
Antidepressant used with lack of appetite
mirtazapine, alpha2 agonist increases appetite and sleep
Antipsychotics MOA and risk
D2 receptor antagonists
tardive dyskinesia
Ethosuximide MOA
blocks T-type Calcium channels in thalamus
Tx for neonatal sepsis
gentamicin (aminoglycoside) and ampicillin
Pyruvate kinase deficiency sx due to hemolysis
gallstones (increased heme metabolism)
Two circular DNA viruses
HPV
JC
MOA of fibrates
activate PPARs and increased LPL activity
PUD sx
decreased pain after meals
increased pain with no food/middle of the night
Soap bubble on x-ray of bone
Giant cell tumor
Asthma sensitization
CD4 Th2 cells making IL-4 (IgE) and IL-5 (eosinophils)
No ambiguous genitalial until puberty
5alpha-reductase deficiency
HLA-DR4 asscs
RA
type 1 DM
TB reactivation pathology
type IV HS rxn
Isoniazid side effects
muscle weakness
increased B6 excretion
Anti-smooth m. Ab
autoimmune Hepatitis
Only opioid not causing sphincter of Oddi contractions
Meperidine
Strept throat tx if allergic to penicillin and side effects
macrolides (erythromycin/azithromycin)
can cause QT prolongation
Hypercalcemia sx
bones
stones
abd groan
CNS overtones
Enzymes Pb interferes with
ferrochelatase
aminoleuvulic acid DH
Fanconi’s syndrome presentation
pancytopenia
hypopigmentation
cafe-au-lait spots
due to DNA repair defect
B vitamin used in heme synthesis
B6, used in first step (ALA dehydratase)
Increased product of heme synthesis seen in Pb poisoning
protoporphyrin
Donovan bodies
Klebsiella granulomatosis
Acute gout tx
NSAIDS and colchicine (disrupts B tubulin)
Decreased lab value seen in CML
low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
MOA of amphotericin B
binds ergosterol, makes holes in membrane
C. difficile virulence for diarrhea
inactivates GTPase via glycosylation
Bug causing undulating fever
Brucella spp
Blue pigment in cartilage and sclera
Alkaptonuria
deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase
Hurler’s differentation from Hunter’s
Hurler’s has corneal clouding
X-linked lysosomal storage diseases
only Hunter’s and Fabry’s
all others are AR
Hashimotos thyroiditis Abs
Anti-microsomal Abs
CT autoimmune disease Abs
anti-ribonucleoprotein Abs
Primary biliary cirrhosis Abs
anti-mitochondrial Abs
Job’s syndrome sx
hyper IgE
retained primary teeth/coarse facies/derm problems
lack of IFN-gamma
Risk with IgA deficiency
Can have anaphylaxis to blood transfusions
Tx for neutropenia
granulocyte colony stimulating factor
Mast cell CD markers
CD25 and CD 117
Hyperkalemia on EKG
peaked T waves
Marfan assc with cardiac pathology
MVP
Side effect of antipsychotics
Increase prolactin/galactorrhea/amenorrhea
due to dopamine antagonism
Rheumatoid arthritis Abs
anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide
Organs involved in Fabry’s disease
kidneys and heart
Risk with any gallbladder/bile duct pathology
deficiency of Vit A, D, E and K
Regulator of iron in the body
Hepcidin regulates (inhibits ferroportin in GI) defective in hemachromatosis
Mutation in Factor V Leiden
Glut506Arg
AD
hypercoagulable
Labs for osteomalacia
Increased PTH
Decreased Phosphate and Ca2+
Osteopetrosis pathology
abn osteoclast fxn
AR
Hartnup sx and tx
sx=ataxia/aminoaciduria/skin eruptions
tx=niacin
EEG with periodic shape wave activity
Creutzfelt Jacob
Gerstmann syndrome sx
L PCA occlusion
acalculia
agraphia
finger agnosia
Codeletion of 1p and 19q chromosomes
Oligdendrogliomas
Typical sign of complex partial seizures
smacking of lips
Artery assc with lateral medullary syndrome
PICA
Artery assc with lateral pontine syndrome
AICA
Artery assc with medial medullary syndrome
ASA
Immune cell type in acute asthma
Th2 cells major type
Lewy body dementia sx different than other dementias
visual hallucinations
Proximal muscle weakness seen in unvaccinated older pts
poliomyositis
Actinomyces tx
penicillin
Muscle energy tx uses what to accomplish m. relaxation?
golgi tendon organ
Schizophrenia pathology
hypofunctioning NMDA receptors
Cellulitis tx
cephalexin
PYY impact on pancreas
inhibits exocrine processes
ST elevation in V1/V2, sudden death in young adults
Brugada syndrome
Cutaneous sx of glucagonoma
necrolytic migratory erythema (buttocks/thighs)
Possible sign of acute Hep A
dark urine due to increased bilirubin
Tx fo PID
ceftriaxone and doxycycline
PTEN assc
endometrial hyperplasia factor
Pregnancy impact on kidneys
increased GFR
Familial hypercholesterolemia defect and inheritance
AD
LDL receptor defect
Embryonal carcinoma of testes sx
painful pass
Gs linked receptors
B1, B2, D1, H2, V2
Gq linked receptors
a1, M1, M3
Gi linked receptors
D2 and M2
Ebstein anomaly assc
Li+ during pregnancy
Councilman bodies on bx
Yellow fever
Primary sclerosing cholanigits assc
Ulcerative colitis
beading pattern/onion skin fibrosis with p-ANCA
Primary biliary cirrhosis assc
scleroderma
anti-mitochondrial Abs/granulomas
Giant cell arteritis assc
polymyalgia rheumatica
Sarcoid mediating cell type
Th1 with granuloma formation
H. influenza capsule component
polyribitol ribose phosphate
How does N-acetylcysteine work?
provides sulfhydryl groups for sulfation and binds toxic metabolite
What are penicillins analogs of?
D-Ala-D-Ala
Side effect of inhaled anesthetics
increased cerebral blood flow
AV shunt impact on heart and TPR
increased preload, decreased TPR
Vit not to be used with levodopa
B6, causes increased peripheral metabolism
Sepsis impact on blood chemistries
lactic acidosis
C. perfringens sx (no gangrene)
transient watery diarrhea
Use and MOA of donepezil
cholinesterase inhibitor
for dementia
Drug chemistry causing increased hepatic clearance
increased drug lipophilicity
Polymyositis Abs
anti-Jo1 Abs
Pure sensory stroke location
VPL or VPM
MS target
oligodendrocytes
Benefit of live vaccines over killed
increased IgA secretion (Sabin over Salk)
CN IX ganglion
otic (parotid gland)
Drug for anaerobe infection
clindamycin
Niacin flushing is mediated by what molecule
prostaglandins
Cellular receptors for EBV
CD21 /CR2
Cellular receptors for Rabies
nicotinic ACh receptors
Cellular receptors for rhinovirus
I-CAM
Isoniazid metabolism
acetylation
Molecule involved with atherosclerotic plaque remodeling/rupture
Metalloproteinases
Leuprolide MOA
GnRH analog
Annular pancreas pathology
ventral bud migration abn
Scar and granulation collagen types
scar=type 1
granulation=type 3
Rhogam Ab type
IgG
Fas gene involved in what?
apoptosis (activation induced or autoimmune)
Flutamide MOA
adnrogen antagonist
Rhabdiform larvae in stool
Strongyloides stercoralis
Tx for acute intermittent prophyria (urine turns dark)
Glucose
N. meningitis vaccine
capsular polysaccharide
Heated killed bacterial vaccines (3)
pertussis/cholerae/yersinia pestis
Recombinant bacterial outer surface protein vaccine (1)
Borrelia burgdorferi
Inactivated toxin vaccines (2)
Diphtheria and C. tetani
Live-attenuated bacterial vaccines (3)
TB/Francisella/Salmonella typhi
Transmigration proteins for leukocytes
PECAM-1
Result of acute LAD blockage
V. fib
Protein assc with NO production in vessels
arginine
Lipid absorption in GI
jejunum
Increased Acetylcholinesterase in amnion
failure of neural tube fusion
Parts of sarcomere decreasing in length with contraction
H and I bands
TCA side effects
antimuscarinic effects/heart block/alpha1 antagonism
What releases tryptase?
mast cells with degranulation
What to use to decrease renal stones
citrate and water
ATP depletion with ischemia of heart timeframe
60 seconds
Finasteride MOA
inhibits 5alpha-reductase
MAC tx
azithromycin
Cough reflex nerve
inferior laryngeal nerve
What is chloride shift?
bicarb out of RBCs cause Cl- to come into RBCs
vWF roles
factor VIII binding/collagen binding
Insulin signaling type
tyrosine kinase/phosphatases
Causes of ptosis
CN III lesion or sympathetics lesion
Labs with sarcoidosis
increased ACE and Ca2+
Bug that has granules that stain with aniline
C. diphtheria
POMC is precursor for what molecules?
ACTH/MSH/beta-endophin
S3 seen with what condition?
mitral regurg
Vincristine side effect
CNS effects
1st gen H1 antagonist side effects
anti-ACH/alpha/5HT effects
Blood chemistries with pulmonary embolism
hyperventilation
increased pH/decreased PaO2 and PaC02
Vit needed in premature births
Vit K due to hepatic immaturity
Tx for homocystinura
B6
Isoniazid need in mycobacterium
activation by catalase-peroxidase
Components of muscle contraction only seen in smooth muscle
Calmodulin
myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)
Attachment and fusion proteins for HIV
gp41=fusion
gp120=attachment
Tx for beta blocker overdose
glucagon
Target of T3/T4 location
directly on nuclear receptors
Satiety center of brain
ventromedial hypothalamus
Cause of Cheyne Stokes respirations
CHF
MOA of nystatin/Amphotericin B
bing ergosterol
TCA side effects
muscarinic antagonism alpha-1 antagonism cardiac Na+ inhibition inhibition of 5HT/Ne reuptake H1 inhibition
Increased lab in Klinefelter’s syndrome
increased FSH
Toxin used by ETEC
cholerae like toxin (increases cAMP)
Small mouth/low set ears/long 4th & 5th digits
Edward’s syndrome
Cause of diabetes in pregnancy
Human placental lactogen
Development of metanephric duct
becomes kidney proper
glomeruli to DCTs
Side effects of chlorpromazine/thioridazine (antipsychotics)
sedation
anticholinergic
alpha-1 antagonism
Side effects of haloperidol/fluphenazine (antipsychotics)
extrapyramidal effects
Side effect of adenosine
flushing
chest burning
Etanercept MOA
TNF-alpha decoy receptor
Infliximab MOA
chimeric monoclonal Ab against TNF-alpha
ATII effect of kidney vasculature
efferent vasoconstriction
Inhibitors of lactogenesis during pregnancy
progesterone/estrogen
Side effects of linezolid
clonus/hyperreflexia
hyperthermia/tachycardia
agitation/confusion
Lab seen with CML
decreased LAP
Sign of leukocyte adhesion deficiency at shortly after birth
late separation of umbilical cord
MOA of radiation on cancer cells
increased double strand DNA breaks
Coronary sinus dilation is a sign of what?
increased R sided pressure due to PAH
What type of virus is measles?
paramyxovirus
What type of virus is rubella?
togavirus
COPD and respiratory drive
COPD can decrease central PCO2 monitoring
Only carotid bodies remain to regulate (O2)
Giving O2 can decrease respiratory drive
MOA of Amphotericin B/nystatin
bind ergosterol/make holes in cell wall
MOA of -azoles
prevent lanosterol to ergosterol conversion
MOA of terbinafine
squalene epoxidase inhibition
MOA of flucytosine
inhibits fungal DNA and RNA
MOA of griseofulvin
binds microtubules in fungi
What is (+) selection for T cells?
making sure they bind self MHC/in the cortex
What is (-) selection for T cells?
apoptosis of T cells that bind self MHC too tightly/in medulla of thymus
What increases in restrictive lung disease?
Expiratory flow rates & radial traction of airways
Where does coronary sinus lie?
The AV groove
End product of sorbitol
Fructose
Role of beta blockers in thyrotoxicosis
decrease T4 to T3 conversion
decrease sympathetics
What causes contraction in smooth muscle?
Myosin phosphorylation (MLCK)
Estrogens impact on thyroid
Increase T4 pool, fxn/activity remains the same
Side effect of trazodone
priapism
Stain for rRNA
blue color with Wright-Giemsa stain
Contents of Thayer-Martin agar
vancomycin (gram +)
colistin/polymyxin (gram -)
nystatin (yeast)
TMP (proteus)
Beta blockers site of action in glaucoma
ciliary epithelium
Filtration fraction eqn
FF=GFR/RPF
Antipsychotics and side effects: Thioridazine Chlorpromazine Haloperidol Ziprasidone Olanzapine Clozapine
Thioridazine-retinal deposits Chlorpromazine-corneal deposits Haloperidol-extrapyramidal effects Ziprasidone-prolonged QT Olanzapine-wt gain Clozapine-agranulocytosis/seizures
Atopic asthma cell type
eosinophils/basophils
Most dilute osmolarity area of nephron
Distal convoluted tubule
Tx for measles
Vitamin A
Pompe’s disease enzyme deficiency
alpha-1,4-glucosidase (aka acid maltase)
Bronze diabetes
Hemachromatosis
Ca2+ pyrophosphate crystals in joints
Pseudogout
Pulmonary vascular resistance and stages of respiration
FRC=lowest PVR
above FRC=vessels stretched/increased R
below FRC=decreased radial traction & compression from intrathoracic P/increased R
Parainfluenza virus type
paramyxovirus
Most susceptible area in brain to ischemia
Hippocampus
