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Undeleted > Qbank questions > Flashcards

Qbank questions Flashcards

1
Q

Vessel size involved in Sturge Weber

A

capillary sized

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2
Q

MOA of glitazones

A

bind PPAR-gamma, decrease insulin resistance

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3
Q

Things Vit C is needed to make

A

Epi from dopamine
Steroids in adrenals
hydroxylation in collagen (Pro/Lys)

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4
Q

What parts of nervous system does Charcot Mariet tooth effect

A

ant horns and post columns

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5
Q

Risk of buproprion use

A

decreases seizure threshold

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6
Q

Antacid causing hyporeflexia/hypotension

A

Mg(OH)2

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7
Q

Skin lesion assc with HSV

A

erythema multiforme

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8
Q

Skin lesion assc with Rheumatic fever

A

erythema marginatum

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9
Q

Drugs not to use with Linezolid

A

MAOIs or SSRIs

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10
Q

Antidepressant used with lack of appetite

A

mirtazapine, alpha2 agonist increases appetite and sleep

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11
Q

Antipsychotics MOA and risk

A

D2 receptor antagonists

tardive dyskinesia

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12
Q

Ethosuximide MOA

A

blocks T-type Calcium channels in thalamus

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13
Q

Tx for neonatal sepsis

A

gentamicin (aminoglycoside) and ampicillin

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14
Q

Pyruvate kinase deficiency sx due to hemolysis

A

gallstones (increased heme metabolism)

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15
Q

Two circular DNA viruses

A

HPV

JC

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16
Q

MOA of fibrates

A

activate PPARs and increased LPL activity

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17
Q

PUD sx

A

decreased pain after meals

increased pain with no food/middle of the night

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18
Q

Soap bubble on x-ray of bone

A

Giant cell tumor

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19
Q

Asthma sensitization

A

CD4 Th2 cells making IL-4 (IgE) and IL-5 (eosinophils)

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20
Q

No ambiguous genitalial until puberty

A

5alpha-reductase deficiency

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21
Q

HLA-DR4 asscs

A

RA

type 1 DM

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22
Q

TB reactivation pathology

A

type IV HS rxn

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23
Q

Isoniazid side effects

A

muscle weakness

increased B6 excretion

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24
Q

Anti-smooth m. Ab

A

autoimmune Hepatitis

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25
Q

Only opioid not causing sphincter of Oddi contractions

A

Meperidine

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26
Q

Strept throat tx if allergic to penicillin and side effects

A

macrolides (erythromycin/azithromycin)

can cause QT prolongation

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27
Q

Hypercalcemia sx

A

bones
stones
abd groan
CNS overtones

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28
Q

Enzymes Pb interferes with

A

ferrochelatase

aminoleuvulic acid DH

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29
Q

Fanconi’s syndrome presentation

A

pancytopenia
hypopigmentation
cafe-au-lait spots
due to DNA repair defect

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30
Q

B vitamin used in heme synthesis

A

B6, used in first step (ALA dehydratase)

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31
Q

Increased product of heme synthesis seen in Pb poisoning

A

protoporphyrin

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32
Q

Donovan bodies

A

Klebsiella granulomatosis

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33
Q

Acute gout tx

A

NSAIDS and colchicine (disrupts B tubulin)

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34
Q

Decreased lab value seen in CML

A

low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase

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35
Q

MOA of amphotericin B

A

binds ergosterol, makes holes in membrane

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36
Q

C. difficile virulence for diarrhea

A

inactivates GTPase via glycosylation

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37
Q

Bug causing undulating fever

A

Brucella spp

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38
Q

Blue pigment in cartilage and sclera

A

Alkaptonuria

deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase

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39
Q

Hurler’s differentation from Hunter’s

A

Hurler’s has corneal clouding

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40
Q

X-linked lysosomal storage diseases

A

only Hunter’s and Fabry’s

all others are AR

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41
Q

Hashimotos thyroiditis Abs

A

Anti-microsomal Abs

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42
Q

CT autoimmune disease Abs

A

anti-ribonucleoprotein Abs

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43
Q

Primary biliary cirrhosis Abs

A

anti-mitochondrial Abs

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44
Q

Job’s syndrome sx

A

hyper IgE
retained primary teeth/coarse facies/derm problems
lack of IFN-gamma

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45
Q

Risk with IgA deficiency

A

Can have anaphylaxis to blood transfusions

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46
Q

Tx for neutropenia

A

granulocyte colony stimulating factor

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47
Q

Mast cell CD markers

A

CD25 and CD 117

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48
Q

Hyperkalemia on EKG

A

peaked T waves

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49
Q

Marfan assc with cardiac pathology

A

MVP

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50
Q

Side effect of antipsychotics

A

Increase prolactin/galactorrhea/amenorrhea

due to dopamine antagonism

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51
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis Abs

A

anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide

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52
Q

Organs involved in Fabry’s disease

A

kidneys and heart

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53
Q

Risk with any gallbladder/bile duct pathology

A

deficiency of Vit A, D, E and K

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54
Q

Regulator of iron in the body

A 
Hepcidin regulates (inhibits ferroportin in GI)
defective in hemachromatosis
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55
Q

Mutation in Factor V Leiden

A

Glut506Arg
AD
hypercoagulable

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56
Q

Labs for osteomalacia

A

Increased PTH

Decreased Phosphate and Ca2+

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57
Q

Osteopetrosis pathology

A

abn osteoclast fxn

AR

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58
Q

Hartnup sx and tx

A

sx=ataxia/aminoaciduria/skin eruptions

tx=niacin

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59
Q

EEG with periodic shape wave activity

A

Creutzfelt Jacob

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60
Q

Gerstmann syndrome sx

A

L PCA occlusion
acalculia
agraphia
finger agnosia

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61
Q

Codeletion of 1p and 19q chromosomes

A

Oligdendrogliomas

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62
Q

Typical sign of complex partial seizures

A

smacking of lips

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63
Q

Artery assc with lateral medullary syndrome

A

PICA

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64
Q

Artery assc with lateral pontine syndrome

A

AICA

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65
Q

Artery assc with medial medullary syndrome

A

ASA

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66
Q

Immune cell type in acute asthma

A

Th2 cells major type

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67
Q

Lewy body dementia sx different than other dementias

A

visual hallucinations

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68
Q

Proximal muscle weakness seen in unvaccinated older pts

A

poliomyositis

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69
Q

Actinomyces tx

A

penicillin

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70
Q

Muscle energy tx uses what to accomplish m. relaxation?

A

golgi tendon organ

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71
Q

Schizophrenia pathology

A

hypofunctioning NMDA receptors

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72
Q

Cellulitis tx

A

cephalexin

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73
Q

PYY impact on pancreas

A

inhibits exocrine processes

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74
Q

ST elevation in V1/V2, sudden death in young adults

A

Brugada syndrome

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75
Q

Cutaneous sx of glucagonoma

A

necrolytic migratory erythema (buttocks/thighs)

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76
Q

Possible sign of acute Hep A

A

dark urine due to increased bilirubin

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77
Q

Tx fo PID

A

ceftriaxone and doxycycline

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78
Q

PTEN assc

A

endometrial hyperplasia factor

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79
Q

Pregnancy impact on kidneys

A

increased GFR

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80
Q

Familial hypercholesterolemia defect and inheritance

A

AD

LDL receptor defect

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81
Q

Embryonal carcinoma of testes sx

A

painful pass

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82
Q

Gs linked receptors

A

B1, B2, D1, H2, V2

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83
Q

Gq linked receptors

A

a1, M1, M3

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84
Q

Gi linked receptors

A

D2 and M2

85
Q

Ebstein anomaly assc

A

Li+ during pregnancy

86
Q

Councilman bodies on bx

A

Yellow fever

87
Q

Primary sclerosing cholanigits assc

A

Ulcerative colitis

beading pattern/onion skin fibrosis with p-ANCA

88
Q

Primary biliary cirrhosis assc

A

scleroderma

anti-mitochondrial Abs/granulomas

89
Q

Giant cell arteritis assc

A

polymyalgia rheumatica

90
Q

Sarcoid mediating cell type

A

Th1 with granuloma formation

91
Q

H. influenza capsule component

A

polyribitol ribose phosphate

92
Q

How does N-acetylcysteine work?

A

provides sulfhydryl groups for sulfation and binds toxic metabolite

93
Q

What are penicillins analogs of?

A

D-Ala-D-Ala

94
Q

Side effect of inhaled anesthetics

A

increased cerebral blood flow

95
Q

AV shunt impact on heart and TPR

A

increased preload, decreased TPR

96
Q

Vit not to be used with levodopa

A

B6, causes increased peripheral metabolism

97
Q

Sepsis impact on blood chemistries

A

lactic acidosis

98
Q

C. perfringens sx (no gangrene)

A

transient watery diarrhea

99
Q

Use and MOA of donepezil

A

cholinesterase inhibitor

for dementia

100
Q

Drug chemistry causing increased hepatic clearance

A

increased drug lipophilicity

101
Q

Polymyositis Abs

A

anti-Jo1 Abs

102
Q

Pure sensory stroke location

A

VPL or VPM

103
Q

MS target

A

oligodendrocytes

104
Q

Benefit of live vaccines over killed

A

increased IgA secretion (Sabin over Salk)

105
Q

CN IX ganglion

A

otic (parotid gland)

106
Q

Drug for anaerobe infection

A

clindamycin

107
Q

Niacin flushing is mediated by what molecule

A

prostaglandins

108
Q

Cellular receptors for EBV

A

CD21 /CR2

109
Q

Cellular receptors for Rabies

A

nicotinic ACh receptors

110
Q

Cellular receptors for rhinovirus

A

I-CAM

111
Q

Isoniazid metabolism

A

acetylation

112
Q

Molecule involved with atherosclerotic plaque remodeling/rupture

A

Metalloproteinases

113
Q

Leuprolide MOA

A

GnRH analog

114
Q

Annular pancreas pathology

A

ventral bud migration abn

115
Q

Scar and granulation collagen types

A

scar=type 1

granulation=type 3

116
Q

Rhogam Ab type

A

IgG

117
Q

Fas gene involved in what?

A

apoptosis (activation induced or autoimmune)

118
Q

Flutamide MOA

A

adnrogen antagonist

119
Q

Rhabdiform larvae in stool

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

120
Q

Tx for acute intermittent prophyria (urine turns dark)

A

Glucose

121
Q

N. meningitis vaccine

A

capsular polysaccharide

122
Q

Heated killed bacterial vaccines (3)

A

pertussis/cholerae/yersinia pestis

123
Q

Recombinant bacterial outer surface protein vaccine (1)

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

124
Q

Inactivated toxin vaccines (2)

A

Diphtheria and C. tetani

125
Q

Live-attenuated bacterial vaccines (3)

A

TB/Francisella/Salmonella typhi

126
Q

Transmigration proteins for leukocytes

A

PECAM-1

127
Q

Result of acute LAD blockage

A

V. fib

128
Q

Protein assc with NO production in vessels

A

arginine

129
Q

Lipid absorption in GI

A

jejunum

130
Q

Increased Acetylcholinesterase in amnion

A

failure of neural tube fusion

131
Q

Parts of sarcomere decreasing in length with contraction

A

H and I bands

132
Q

TCA side effects

A

antimuscarinic effects/heart block/alpha1 antagonism

133
Q

What releases tryptase?

A

mast cells with degranulation

134
Q

What to use to decrease renal stones

A

citrate and water

135
Q

ATP depletion with ischemia of heart timeframe

A

60 seconds

136
Q

Finasteride MOA

A

inhibits 5alpha-reductase

137
Q

MAC tx

A

azithromycin

138
Q

Cough reflex nerve

A

inferior laryngeal nerve

139
Q

What is chloride shift?

A

bicarb out of RBCs cause Cl- to come into RBCs

140
Q

vWF roles

A

factor VIII binding/collagen binding

141
Q

Insulin signaling type

A

tyrosine kinase/phosphatases

142
Q

Causes of ptosis

A

CN III lesion or sympathetics lesion

143
Q

Labs with sarcoidosis

A

increased ACE and Ca2+

144
Q

Bug that has granules that stain with aniline

A

C. diphtheria

145
Q

POMC is precursor for what molecules?

A

ACTH/MSH/beta-endophin

146
Q

S3 seen with what condition?

A

mitral regurg

147
Q

Vincristine side effect

A

CNS effects

148
Q

1st gen H1 antagonist side effects

A

anti-ACH/alpha/5HT effects

149
Q

Blood chemistries with pulmonary embolism

A

hyperventilation

increased pH/decreased PaO2 and PaC02

150
Q

Vit needed in premature births

A

Vit K due to hepatic immaturity

151
Q

Tx for homocystinura

A

B6

152
Q

Isoniazid need in mycobacterium

A

activation by catalase-peroxidase

153
Q

Components of muscle contraction only seen in smooth muscle

A

Calmodulin

myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)

154
Q

Attachment and fusion proteins for HIV

A

gp41=fusion

gp120=attachment

155
Q

Tx for beta blocker overdose

A

glucagon

156
Q

Target of T3/T4 location

A

directly on nuclear receptors

157
Q

Satiety center of brain

A

ventromedial hypothalamus

158
Q

Cause of Cheyne Stokes respirations

A

CHF

159
Q

MOA of nystatin/Amphotericin B

A

bing ergosterol

160
Q

TCA side effects

A 
muscarinic antagonism
alpha-1 antagonism
cardiac Na+ inhibition
inhibition of 5HT/Ne reuptake
H1 inhibition
161
Q

Increased lab in Klinefelter’s syndrome

A

increased FSH

162
Q

Toxin used by ETEC

A

cholerae like toxin (increases cAMP)

163
Q

Small mouth/low set ears/long 4th & 5th digits

A

Edward’s syndrome

164
Q

Cause of diabetes in pregnancy

A

Human placental lactogen

165
Q

Development of metanephric duct

A

becomes kidney proper

glomeruli to DCTs

166
Q

Side effects of chlorpromazine/thioridazine (antipsychotics)

A

sedation
anticholinergic
alpha-1 antagonism

167
Q

Side effects of haloperidol/fluphenazine (antipsychotics)

A

extrapyramidal effects

168
Q

Side effect of adenosine

A

flushing

chest burning

169
Q

Etanercept MOA

A

TNF-alpha decoy receptor

170
Q

Infliximab MOA

A

chimeric monoclonal Ab against TNF-alpha

171
Q

ATII effect of kidney vasculature

A

efferent vasoconstriction

172
Q

Inhibitors of lactogenesis during pregnancy

A

progesterone/estrogen

173
Q

Side effects of linezolid

A

clonus/hyperreflexia
hyperthermia/tachycardia
agitation/confusion

174
Q

Lab seen with CML

A

decreased LAP

175
Q

Sign of leukocyte adhesion deficiency at shortly after birth

A

late separation of umbilical cord

176
Q

MOA of radiation on cancer cells

A

increased double strand DNA breaks

177
Q

Coronary sinus dilation is a sign of what?

A

increased R sided pressure due to PAH

178
Q

What type of virus is measles?

A

paramyxovirus

179
Q

What type of virus is rubella?

A

togavirus

180
Q

COPD and respiratory drive

A

COPD can decrease central PCO2 monitoring
Only carotid bodies remain to regulate (O2)
Giving O2 can decrease respiratory drive

181
Q

MOA of Amphotericin B/nystatin

A

bind ergosterol/make holes in cell wall

182
Q

MOA of -azoles

A

prevent lanosterol to ergosterol conversion

183
Q

MOA of terbinafine

A

squalene epoxidase inhibition

184
Q

MOA of flucytosine

A

inhibits fungal DNA and RNA

185
Q

MOA of griseofulvin

A

binds microtubules in fungi

186
Q

What is (+) selection for T cells?

A

making sure they bind self MHC/in the cortex

187
Q

What is (-) selection for T cells?

A

apoptosis of T cells that bind self MHC too tightly/in medulla of thymus

188
Q

What increases in restrictive lung disease?

A

Expiratory flow rates & radial traction of airways

189
Q

Where does coronary sinus lie?

A

The AV groove

190
Q

End product of sorbitol

A

Fructose

191
Q

Role of beta blockers in thyrotoxicosis

A

decrease T4 to T3 conversion

decrease sympathetics

192
Q

What causes contraction in smooth muscle?

A

Myosin phosphorylation (MLCK)

193
Q

Estrogens impact on thyroid

A

Increase T4 pool, fxn/activity remains the same

194
Q

Side effect of trazodone

A

priapism

195
Q

Stain for rRNA

A

blue color with Wright-Giemsa stain

196
Q

Contents of Thayer-Martin agar

A

vancomycin (gram +)
colistin/polymyxin (gram -)
nystatin (yeast)
TMP (proteus)

197
Q

Beta blockers site of action in glaucoma

A

ciliary epithelium

198
Q

Filtration fraction eqn

A

FF=GFR/RPF

199
Q 
Antipsychotics and side effects:
Thioridazine
Chlorpromazine
Haloperidol
Ziprasidone
Olanzapine
Clozapine
A 
Thioridazine-retinal deposits
Chlorpromazine-corneal deposits
Haloperidol-extrapyramidal effects
Ziprasidone-prolonged QT
Olanzapine-wt gain
Clozapine-agranulocytosis/seizures
200
Q

Atopic asthma cell type

A

eosinophils/basophils

201
Q

Most dilute osmolarity area of nephron

A

Distal convoluted tubule

202
Q

Tx for measles

A

Vitamin A

203
Q

Pompe’s disease enzyme deficiency

A

alpha-1,4-glucosidase (aka acid maltase)

204
Q

Bronze diabetes

A

Hemachromatosis

205
Q

Ca2+ pyrophosphate crystals in joints

A

Pseudogout

206
Q

Pulmonary vascular resistance and stages of respiration

A

FRC=lowest PVR
above FRC=vessels stretched/increased R
below FRC=decreased radial traction & compression from intrathoracic P/increased R

207
Q

Parainfluenza virus type

A

paramyxovirus

208
Q

Most susceptible area in brain to ischemia

A

Hippocampus

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