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Undeleted > Exam 2 Micro > Flashcards

Exam 2 Micro Flashcards

1
Q

Coccidioides immitis characteristics

A

Southwest US (Jan Joaquin Valley)
Spherules in yeast form
KOH prep dx

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2
Q

Tx for dimorphic fungi

A

ketoconazole/fluconazole normally

amphotericin B for pregnancy

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3
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis characteristics

A

Ohio/Mississippi Rivers
broad based budding yeast
can disseminate into CNS

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4
Q

Histoplasma characteristics

A

Ohio/Missouri/Mississippi basins
bird/bat droppings/cave diving
intracellular in WBC

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5
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis characteristics

A

Latin America

multiple broad based budding yeast

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6
Q

Aspergillosis

A

type I hypersensitivity
from A. fumigatus and flavus
opportunistic

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7
Q

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

A

type III/IV hypersensitivity
pts with asthma and cystic fibrosis
aka Farmer’s Lung
damage from cytokines

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8
Q

Noninvasive pulmonary aspergillosis

A

aspergilloma
intertwined septate hyphae
in lung cavity

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9
Q

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

A

neutropenic pts (immunocompromised)
hemoptysis
rapidly fatal

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10
Q

Dx of aspergillosis

A

acute 45 degree branching hyphae

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11
Q

Zygomycosis/mucormycosis characteristics

A 
acute/rapid progression
ketoacidotic diabetics/leukemia pts
black pus out of nose
CNS infiltration
nonseptate hyphae branching at 90 degrees
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12
Q

Stachybotrys chartarum characteristics

A

mycotoxin producing
wet wood/paper
asthma sx
hemoptysis/hemosiderosis

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13
Q

Pneumocystis jiroveci characteristics

A 
AIDS pts below CD4 count of 200
atypical pneumonia
binds receptors on macrophages
dx with giemsa stain (dented helmets)
or gomori methenamine silver stain
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14
Q

Paragonimus westermani characteristics

A 
lung fluke
undercooked crab/cray fish
coffee bean shaped
snail is intermediate host
hemoptysis
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15
Q

Dx of paragonimus westermani

A

golden brown operculated eggs in sputum

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16
Q

Causes of typical pneumonia

A 
Strep pneumo
Klebsiella
H. influenza
Moraxella catarrhalis
S. aureus
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17
Q

Dx of strep pneumo/virulence

A

alpha-hemolytic
optochin sensitive
gram (+) diplococci
IgA protease/pneumolysin/capsule

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18
Q

Strep pneumo vaccine

A

PPSV23-capsule types for adults

PCV13-conjugated for children/immunocompromised

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19
Q

Dx of klebsiella

A

currant jelly sputum
gram (-) rod
lactose + on MacConkey agar

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20
Q

Risks for klebsiella

A

alcoholism

ventilators

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21
Q

Dx of H. influenza

A 
growth on chocolate agar 
needs heme (x) and NAD (v)
gram (-) short fat rod
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22
Q

Staph aureus pneumonia

A

salmon pink sputum
empyema
shock/hemoptysis

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23
Q

Causes of atypical pneumonias

A 
mycoplasma pneumo
chlamydophila
legionella
coxiella burnetii
viral
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24
Q

Dx of mycoplasma pneumo

A 
large number of PMNs
cold agglutinins (+)
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25
Q

Assc with mycoplasma pneumo

A

college/high school students
lack of seasonality
nonproductive cough

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26
Q

Chlamydophila pneumo

A

gram (-)
large number of PMNs
elementary body outside
reticulate body inside (replicates)

27
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

gram (-)
water units/AC units
intracellular in Macrophages

28
Q

Dx of legionella

A

charcoal yeast agar (iron and cystein)

fluorescent Ab staining in urine

29
Q

Nosocomial pneumonia causes

A

pseudomonas (assc with Burkholderia cepacia)
S aureus
H. influenza
enterics

30
Q

Risks for pseudomonas pneumonia

A

cystic fibrosis

ventilation

31
Q

Anaerobic pneumo causes/sx

A

fusobacterium and bacteroides

foul smelling sputum

32
Q

Anthrax characteristics

A

gram (+) rod
box car shaped
polyglutamic acid capsule
antrhax toxin/endospores

33
Q

Dx of yersinia pestis

A 
coccobacillus gram (-)
bipolar staining aka safety pin stain
34
Q

Q fever cause

A

coxiella burnetii
gram (-) coccobacillus
intracellular
unpasteurized milk/cattle,sheep, goats

35
Q

Francisella tularensis

A

gram (-) coccobacillus
rabbit fever
intracellular
growth on charcoal yeast or Cysteine/Glc blood agar

36
Q

Tuberculosis characteristics

A

mycolic acid cell wall (acid fast stain)
cord factor has serpentine arrangement (virulence)
sulfatide prevents lysosomal fusion
causes TNF-alpha release

37
Q

Dx of TB

A

auramine rhadamine stain/acid fast stain
Lowenstein-Jensen agar growth
PPD test (type IV HS)

38
Q

MAC pneumonia

A

immunocompromised (low CD4 count)

acid fast gram (+) rod

39
Q

Nocardia characteristics

A

gram (+)
weakly acid fast
branching filaments
dx on blood or chocolate agar (fluffy on culture)

40
Q

Causes of otitis media

A

Strep pneumo
H. influenza
Moraxella catarrhalis

41
Q

Strep pneumo dx/labs

A

lancet shaped gram (+)
alpha-hemolytic
optochin sensitive
bile soluble

42
Q

Causes of epiglottitis

A

most commonly H. influenza
S. aureus
S. pneumo
S. pyogenes

43
Q

Virulence factors of H. influenza

A

polyribitol phosphate capsule
IgA protease
endotoxin

44
Q

Vaccine for H. flu

A

based on type B capsule

conjugated

45
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis characteristics

A

gram (-) diplococci
beta-lactamase producing
causes otitis media

46
Q

Pseudomonas labs/tests

A 
blue/green color
smells like grapes
gram (-) rod
fermentation (-)/oxidase (+)
growth on chocolate and MacConkey
47
Q

Strep pyogenes pharyngitis

A

enlarged LN
palatal petechiae
tonsillar hypertrophy
scarlet fever rash

48
Q

Strep pyogenes tests/labs

A 
gram (+) diplococci
beta-hemolytic
bactracin sensitivie
PYR (+)
catalase (-)
49
Q

M protein tissues with crossreactivity

A

cardiac myosin
sarcolemmal membrane protein
synovium
articular cartilage

50
Q

Nephrogenic strep pyogenes

A

children ages 6-10
immune complex deposition in kidneys/glomerulonephritis
follows pharyngitis/cellulitis

51
Q

Sx of nephrogenic strep pyogenes

A

hematuria (cola colored)
periorbital edema
HTN

52
Q

Cause of nephrogenic strep pyogenes rxn

A

nephritis assc plasmin receptor (NAPlr)

SPE B

53
Q

Dx of strep pyogenes

A

ASO-titer

anti-DNase B

54
Q

S. pyogenes pyrogenic toxins

A

A-D
A and C lysogenized
cause Scarlet fever

55
Q

Clostridia diphtheriae characteristics

A

gram (+) rod
club like swellings on ends
tox gene (iron regulated)
inhibits elongation factor 2

56
Q

Sx of diphtheriae

A

pseudomembrane that bleeds when removed
bull neck
conjunctivitis

57
Q

Dx of C. diphtheriae

A

Loeffler’s/Tellurite agar
modified ELEK test
tox gene PCR

58
Q

Bordatella pertussis virulence factors

A

gram (-) coccobacillus
filamentous hemaglutinin/pertactin bind ciliated cells
pertussis toxin inhibits Gi (increases cAMP)
adenylate toxin increases cAMP production

59
Q

Stages of pertussis

A

catarrhal-highly contagious
paroxysmal-whooping cough
convalescence

60
Q

Pertussis prevention

A

acellular vaccine

pertussis toxin + FH+ fimbriae + pertactin

61
Q

Dx of pertussis

A

Regan-Lowe charcoal agar

DFA stain

62
Q

Tx for pertussis

A

erythromycin

63
Q

Tx for diphtheria

A

erythromycin/penicillin

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