Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Undeleted > Micro > Flashcards

Micro Flashcards

1
Q

Branching filamentous rods

A

Nocardia (acid fast, urease +)

actinomyces (anaerobe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Use of PAS

A

Whipple’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chocolate agar growth

A

H. influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thayer-Martin growth (has vanco/polymyxin/nystatin)

A

N. gonorrhea or N. menigitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bordet-Genau growth

A

Bordatella pertussis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tellurite/Loffler growth

A

C. diphtheria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lowenstein-Jensen growth

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Eaton’s agar growth

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Charcoal yeast extract with cysteine/iron growth

A

Legionella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Assc with burn wounds

A

Pseudomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Encapsulated organisms (7)

A 
H. flu
Strep pneumo
N. meningitidis
E. coli
Salmonella
Klebsiella
Strep group B
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Catalase (+) bugs (7)

A 
pseudomonas
listeria
aspergillus
candida
E. coli
S. aureus
serratia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sulfur granules on microscopy

A

Actinoyces israelii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bug that produces red pigment

A

Serratia marcescens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pharyngitis/pseudomembrane

bull neck

A

C. diphtheria

inactivates EF2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dysentery
GI mucosal damage
toxin caused

A

Shigella, shiga toxin
inactivates 60s ribosome
also seen in E. coli 0157:H7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Rice water diarrhea

A

cholera toxin

increases cAMP by adenylate cyclase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Whooping cough toxin

A

Pertussis toxin

disables Gi, increases cAMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tetanus MOA

A

toxin inhibits GABA/glycine release

muscle rigidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Botulinum MOA

A

toxin prevents release of ACh at NMJ

paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Toxins with A/B type MOA

A

Cholera toxin and pertussis toxin

B enters cell, A activates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Staph species differentiation

A

S. aureus-coagulase +
S. epidermidis-novobiocin sensitive
S. saprophyticus-novobiocin resistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Strep species differentiation

A

S. pneumo-optochin sensitive, alpha hemolytic
Viridans strep-otpochin resistant, alpha
Group A strep-bacitracin sensitive, beta
Group B strep-bacitracin resistant, beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

S. aureus toxins

A

TSST-1 toxic shock
scalded skin syndrome
food poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Bug seen on prosthetic heart valves

A

Staph epidermidis

biofilm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Pneumonia
otitis media
sinusitis
IgA protease (+)

A

Strep pneumo
rusty sputum
sepsis with sickle cell/splenectomy
optochin sensitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Dental caries
endocarditis
normal flora

A

Viridans strep
Strep mutans-caries
S. sanguis-heart valves
resistant to optochin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Arthritis
carditis
nodules sub q
post infection

A

Strep pyogenes
bacitracin sensitive
ASO titer to detect
also see erythema marginatum and syndenham’s chorea with Rheumatic fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Rash over the body
red tongue and throat
post infection

A

Strep pyogenes
Scarlet fever
bacitracin sensitive
toxic shock like syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

1 yr/o
Pneumonia
meningitis

A

Strep agalactia (group B)
seen in babies
bacitracin resistant
Hippurate (+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Subacute endocarditis

bacteremia

A

Strept bovis

colon cancer pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Grayish-white on pharynx
lymphadenopathy of neck
(+) cystine-tellurite growth

A

C. diphtheria
bullneck/pseudomembrane
EF2 inhibiting toxin
(+) Elek’s test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

lecithinase (alpha toxin)
gas gangrene
hemolysis

A

C. perfringens

causes myonecrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Black eschar
bacteremia
edema

A

cutaneous anthrax
poly D glutamate capsule
lethal factor and edema factor cause eschars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Flu like sx
progresses quickly
mediastinitis
pulmonary hemorrhage

A

pulmonary anthrax

Woolsorter’s disase-from contaminated wool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Rice and pasta diet
N/V for 5 hrs
watery diarrhea

A

Bacillus cereus
food poisoning
reheated rice syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

High dairy diet
spontaneous abortion in pt
gastroenteritis

A 
Listeria monocytogenes
unpasteurized milk/cheese, deli meats
tumbling motility
moves cell to cell via actin rockets
neonatal meningitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Oral abscess

sulfur granules on microscopy

A

Actinomyces
normal flora
anaerobic
branching filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Pneumonia in immunosuppressed pt

found in soil

A

nocardia
acid fast
branching filamentous rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

TB virulence factors

A

cord factor-inhibit Macrophage maturation

sulfatides-inhibit lysosomal fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Loss of sensation on feet and hands
no growth on agar
hairless skin plaques

A

mycobacterium leprae
US armadillos
lepromatous-communicable (Th2), diffuse
tuberculoid-Th1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Differentiation b/t neisseria strains

A

N. meningitidis- maltose fermenter

N. gonorrhea- maltose nonfermenter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Adrenal gland failure
shock
maltose fermentation

A

N. meningitidis

rapid necrosis of adrenals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Epiglottitis
otitis media
meningitis

A

H. influenza
otitis media from nontypeable
cultured on chocolate agar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Elderly man
pneumonia
GI and CNS sx
hx of hotel stay

A 
Legionella pneumophilia
gram (-) rod
charcoal yeast growth (iron/cystein)
water source caused (AC unit)
intracellular in macrophages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Folliculitis after in hot tub
also external otitis
exotoxin A

A 
Pseudomonas
green/blue pigment
smells like grapes
cystic fibrosis/hot tub/swimmer's ear/burn assc
toxin inactivates EF2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Homeless alcoholic
pneumonia
MacConkey growth

A

Klebsiella
red currant jelly sputum
diabetics/alcoholics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Rose spots on abd
fever
diarrhea

A

Slamonella typhi

typhoid fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Bloody diarrhea in a kid
arthritis
S shaped
lower extremity weakness

A

Campylobacter jejuni
deli meat/milk
grows at 42 degrees, oxidase (+)
Guillain-Barre syndrome (ascending paralysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Rice water diarrhea

dehydration

A

vibrio cholerae
activates Gs protein
oxidase (+)
dehydration risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Sx of Crohn’s disease

has new puppy

A

Yersinia entercolitica
mimics Crohn’s/appendicitis
assc with pet feces/milk/pork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Duodenal ulcers

dx with gastric adenocarcinoma

A

Helicobacter pylori
urease (+)
tx with PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Just got back from Hawaii
has jaundice
photophobia
proteinuria

A

Leptospira interrogans

Weil’s disease (jaundice/azotemia/anemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Facial n. palsy
AV block
migratory arthritis
erythema migrans

A

Lyme disease-borrelia burgdoferi
NE U.S.
bull’s eye rash
encephalopathy can develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Pupil does not react to light
ataxia
Hx of maculopapular rash on palms/soles

A

Syphilis-treponema pallidum
VDRL screen, FTA-ABS confirm
painless chancre/maculopapular rash/tabes dorsalis (neurosyphilis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Child born with deafness
notched teeth
abnormal molars

A 
Congenital syphilis (treponema)
Saber shins/CN VIII/Hutchinson's teeth/mulberry molars
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Dairy products
fever
muscular pain/swelling
migratory arthralgia

A

Brucella spp

Brucellosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Bloody diarrhea

works at pet shop

A

Campylobacter

puppies/livestock/undercooked meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Bitten by a cat
swelling around the area
bone pain

A

Pasteurella multocida
animal bite
cellulitis/osteomyolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Overcrowded area
Rash on trunk, spreads out (no palms/soles)
fever/headache

A

Rickettsia prowazekii
epidemic typhus
body louse vector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Hiker
rash on limbs that spread to trunk
headache/fever

A

Rickettsia ricketssii

needs CoA and NAD+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Farmer

presents with pneumonia sx

A

Coxiella burnetii

cattle placenta spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

African immigrant
Recurrent conjunctivitis
irritation of the cornea
no bugs seen on microscopy

A

Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes A,B,C
follicular conjunctivitis
can lead to blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Sexually active female
tenderness/inflammation in pelvis
no bugs seen on microscopy
What serotype?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D-K
urethritis/PID
ectopic pregnancy/neonatal penumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Reactive arthritis
urethritis
sexually active

A

Chlamydia
elementary body enters cell
reticulate body replicates in cell
tx with azithromycin/doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Pneumonia
pt is mobile and walking
(+) cold agglutinins
grows on Eaton’s agar

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia
walking pneumonia, contains sterols in membrane
military recruits/prisons
tx with fluoroquiolone or macrolides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Pt lives in Ohio
presents with pneumonia
Has been cave diving in the last month

A

Histoplasmosis
intracellular in macrophages
bird/bat droppings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Pt lives in Mississippi
granulomatous nodules in bone/skin
pneumonia

A

Blastomycosis

broad base budding yeast seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Pt lives in Arizona
Presents with meningitis and pneumonia
Bone/skin involvement

A

Coccidioidomycosis
Spherules seen
San Joaquin valley/desert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Immigrant recently moved from South America
Captain’s wheel appearance on microscopy
Pneumonia

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

In Florida
hypopigmented patches
spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH prep

A

Tinea versicolor

Malassezia furfure causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Pt has asthma sx
sputum production (sometimes blood)
recurrent pulmonary infections

A

Aspergillus fumigatus
45 degree branching hyphae
type IV HS rxn
can also can Aspergillomas (ball in lung)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

AIDS pt
presents with meningitis
(+) latex agglutination test
recently camping

A

Cryptococcus neoformans
meningitis in AIDS pts
bird droppings
Soap bubble test in brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Diabetic pt
has acidosis
headaches
necrosis around the nose

A 
Mucor and rhizopus spp
keotacidotic diabetics
cribriform plate/enters brain
black necrotic eschar on face
hyphae branching at 90 degrees
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

AIDS pt below CD4 count of 200

pneumonia, but mobile

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii
binds alveolar macrophage receptors
methenamine silver stained

76
Q

Gardner
area of ucler with nodules on finger
ascending lymphangitis

A

Sporothrix schenckii
cigar shaped budding yeast
vegetation, trauma of skin (rose needles)

77
Q

Dysentery(bloody diarrhea) sx

rectal prolapse

A

Trichuris trichuria
whipworm
football eggs with plugged ends

78
Q

Explosive watery diarrhea
pig farmer
ciliate cysts

A

balantidium coli

79
Q

Steatorrhea
hx of camping
no blood in stool

A

Giardia lamblia
steams/lakes/beavers assc
falling leaf motility
bilobed nuclei

80
Q

Bloody diarrhea
RUQ pain
hx of camping

A

Entamoeba histolytica
liver abscess
flask shaped ulcer

81
Q

AIDS pt
severe watery diarrhea
acid fast (+)

A

Cryptosporidium

severe in AIDS pts

82
Q

AIDS pt
thrombocytopenia
chronic watery diarrhea

A

microsporidia

83
Q

Explosive watery diarrhea
Florida
blue fluorescence under UV

A

cyclospora cayetanensis
tropical disease
acid fast

84
Q

Cerebral abscess on MRI with ring enhancement
calcifications of brain
cats

A

Toxoplasma gondii
crosses placenta in pregnancy
AIDS pts

85
Q

Recurring fever
African immigrant
hx of chancre
somnolence/anemia

A

Trypanosoma brucei
African sleeping sickness
Tstse fly vector
antigenic variation

86
Q

Recurrent fevers
anemia
hx of Middle East trip
splenomegaly

A

Plasmodium vivax/ovale
malaria
anopheles mosquito vector
tx with cholorquine + primaquine for relapsing hypnozoites

87
Q

Young male
fever
stroke
anemia/jaundice

A 
Plasmodium falciparum
malaria
anopheles mosquito vector
infected RBC's occlude brain
tx severe with quinidine/quinine
88
Q

Hemolytic anemia
fever
asplenia
NE U.S.

A

Babesia
ixodes tick vector (same as Lymes)
maltese cross

89
Q

Trip to Japan
alternating constipation/diarrhea
waterchest nuts consumed

A

Fasciolopsis buski

intestinal fluke in bile duct

90
Q

Megacolon
Dilated cardiomyopathy
edema around the eye

A

Trypannosoma cruzi
Chaga’s disease
reduviid bug vector
Romana’s sign periorbital edema

91
Q 
Pancytopenia
hepatosplenomegaly
fevers
dark pigment over some areas of body
Tx with Na+ stibogluconate
A

Leishmania donovani
visceral leishmaniasis
female sandfly vector
cutaneous (L. braziliense) causes volcano eruptions on skin

92
Q

Greenish vaginal discharge
strawberry cervix
itching/burning

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

sexual transmission

93
Q

Gray vaginal discharge
Fishy smell
Clue cells

A

Gardnerellla vaginalis

assc with sexual activity

94
Q

Perianal itching

sticky eggs

A

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

95
Q

Epigastric pain
Coughing
rural SE

A

Ascaris lumbricoides
intestinal infection
migrate through lungs in development

96
Q

Anemia
diarrhea/vomiting
AIDS pt

A

Strongyloides stercoralis
seen in immunocompromised
pneumonitis

97
Q

Anemia due to blood loss

intestinal infection

A

Ancylostoma duodenale/necator americanus
hookworms
anemia by sucking blood from GI walls

98
Q

Black skin nodules
African immigrant
ocular problems

A

Onchocera volvulus
female blackfly vector
River blindness

99
Q

Worm seen in conjunctiva

skin swelling

A

Loa loa

deer/horse/mango fly vectors

100
Q

Elephantiasis bug

A

Wuchereria bancrofti
female mosquito bector
blockage of lymph

101
Q

Diarrhea
myalgias/edema
heart/lung/brain involvement

A

Tichinella spiralis
undercooked bear/fox/pork
travel to muscle via blood

102
Q

Pork eater
neuro sx
scolex seen on microscopy

A

Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)
cysticercosis/neurocysticerosis
caused by eggs only
calcifications of tissue result

103
Q

Eater of raw fish from Great Lakes
increased methylmalonyl-Coa and homocysteine
anemia

A

Diphyllobothrium latum
Vit B12 deficiency
raw freshwater fish

104
Q

Pt owns dog
cysts seen in lung and liver
lives in Nevada

A

Echinococcus granulosus
Hydatid cyst disease
in western US
from dog feces

105
Q

Fibrosis of liver/spleen
dx with bladder cell carcinoma
hematuria

A

Schistosoma haematobium
terminal spine
assc with bladder cancer

106
Q

Clay pipestem fibrosis around portal vein
bloody diarrhea
eats snails

A

Schistosoma mansoni
lateral spine
Katayoma syndrome

107
Q

Dx with cancer of the bile duct
eats sushi
epigastric pain/jaundice

A

Clonorchis sinensis
assc with cholangiocarcinoma
pigmented gallstones/bile duct inflammation
undercooked fish

108
Q

Eats crab
pneumonia/hemoptysis
other bacterial infection also present

A

Paragonimus westermani
coffee bean shaped/crab meat assc
secondary bacterial infection

109
Q

Live attenuated vaccines for virus (6)

A 
Smallpox
Yellow fever
VZV
Sabin's polio virus
MMR
Influenza (intranasal)
110
Q

Killed virus vaccines (4)

A

Rabies
Influenza (injected)
Salk Polio
HAV

111
Q

Recombinant virus vaccines (2)

A

HBV

HPV (6,11,16,18)

112
Q

Only ssDNA virus

A

parvovirus

113
Q

Only circular DNA virus

A

hepadnaviruses

114
Q

Only dsRNA virus

A

Reoviridae

115
Q

Only diploid virus

A

retroviruses

116
Q

Only enveloped virus using nuclear membrane

A

herpesviruses

117
Q

DNA viruses

A 
HHAPPPPy
Hepadna
Herpes
Adenoa
Pox
Parvo
Papilloma
Polyoma
118
Q

Only DNA virus replicating in cytosol

119
Q

Only RNA viruses replicating in nucleus

A

Influenza

Retroviruses

120
Q

Temporal lobe encephalitis

keratoconjunctivitis

121
Q

Assc with Burkitt’s Lymphoma and Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

fatigue

A

EBV (HHV-4)

mononucleosis

122
Q

AIDS pt
retinitis
most common virus causing

A

CMV

seen in immunocompromised pts

123
Q

Cause of roseola

A

HHV-6

Exanthem subitum

124
Q

Ass with Kaposi’s sarcoma

AIDS pts

125
Q

Circular DNA virus

has reverse transcriptase

126
Q

Pharyngitis
pneuumonia
conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus
dsDNA
acut hemorrhagic cystitis assc

127
Q

Apastic crisis with sickle cell disease

slapped cheek fever

A

Parvovirus B19
ssDNA
5th disease in kids (erythema infectiosum)

128
Q

Cervical cancer assc virus

A

Papillomavirus 16 and 18

129
Q

AIDS pt
circular dsDNA
mental deterioration

A

JC virus
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
also BK targets kidney in transplant pts
both are polyomaviruses

130
Q

Replicates in cytosol
DNA virus
flesh colored dome lesions with central dimple

A

Poxvirus
molluscum contagiosum
only on replicating in cytosol

131
Q 
Locations of latency in Herpes viruses:
HSV-1
HSV-2
VZV
EBV
CMV
A 
HSV1-trigeminal ganglia
HSV2-sacral ganglia
VZV-dorsal root or trigeminal ganglia
EBV-B cells
CMV-mononuclear cells
132
Q

Characteristic of CMV infection

A

Owl’s Eyes inclusions

133
Q

Diffuse macular rash
in kids
high fever/seizures

A

HHV-6

roseola

134
Q

AIDS pt
papular purple lesions
on mouth/GI/respiratory tracts

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

assc with HHV-8

135
Q

ID of herpes virus

A

Tzanck test

Cowdry bodies

136
Q

Picornoviruses (5)

A 
Polio
Echovirus
rhinovirus
coxsackievirus
HAV
all RNA viruses
137
Q

(-) stranded RNA viruses (6)

A 
all have RNA-dependent RNA pol
Arenavirus
bunyavirus
paramyxovirus
orthomyxovirus
filovirus
rhabdovirus
138
Q

Common cold
no GI sx
naked virus

A

Rhinovirus
acid labile
RNA virus

139
Q

Black vomit
jaundice
in South America/Africa

A

Yellow fever

Aedes mosquito vector

140
Q

1 y/o
segmented dsRNA virus
acute diarrhea
others in daycare also have

A

Rotavirus
infantile gastroenteritis
villous atrophy

141
Q

Enveloped (-) ssRNA
neuraminidase and hemagglutinin
cough/cold

A

Influenza

genetic shift/drift seen

142
Q

Postauricular adenopathy
arthralgia
descending rash from head down

A

Rubella virus (togarvirus)
German measles
TORCH infection

143
Q

Seal like barking cough

A

Parainfluenza (croup)

144
Q

Paramyxoviruses (4)

A

Parainfluenza
mumps
measles
RSV

145
Q

Red spots on buccal mucosa
descending maculopapular rash (head down)
paramyxovirus

A

Measles
Koplick spots (buccal mucosa)
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis years later

146
Q

Swollen parotids and testes

meningitis with not bugs seen in CSF

A

Mumps (paramyxovirus)
parotitis/orchitis
can cause sterility
Bull neck

147
Q

Negri bodies
found in cerebellum (Purkinje cells)
long incubation period
photophobia/agitation

A 
Rabies virus
bullet shaped
CNS retrograde migration
hydrophobia/paralysis/death 
animal bites
148
Q

HAV source

A

oysters/clams/mussels
fecal oral
acute infection

149
Q

Dane particles

ground glass hepatocytes seen

A

HBV
Dane particles=active infection
hepatocellular carcinoma risk

150
Q

Increased HCC risk
cryoglobulinemia
chronic infection

A

HCV

HCC with or w/o cirrhosis

151
Q

delta agent

needs HBV to infect

A

HDV

causes fulminant liver failure with HBV

152
Q

HEV danger

A

pregnant women

153
Q

Dx of HCV

A

EIA for screen

RIBA II for confirmation

154
Q 
Significance of hepatitis B Ags/Abs in blood
HBsAg
HBsAb
HBcAg
HBcAb
HBeAg
HBeAb
A

sAg-hep B infection
sAb-immunity to hep B
cAg-core of HBV
cAb-prior exposure/chronic infection (if IgG)
eAg-high transmissibility/active viral replication
eAb-low transmissibility

155
Q

Genes of HIV

A

env (gp120/gp41)-attach to T cells/entry
gag (p24)-capsid
pol-reverse transcriptase

156
Q

HIV binding to WBC’s

A

CD4 +CCR5/CXC4 on T cells

CD4 + CCR5 on macrophages

157
Q

Bugs that can mimic appendicitis

A

Yersinia entercolitica
Nontyphoidal salmonella
Campylobacter jejuni

158
Q

Lg cause of pneumonia infant-3y/o

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

159
Q

Cause of meningitis in young children

A

N. meningitidis

H. influenza type B

160
Q

Sx or Rubella

A 
PDA
cataracts
deafness
blueberry muffin rash (descending)
postauricular lymphadenopathy
161
Q

Peptidoglycan cell wall synthesis inhibitors (8)

A 
penicillin
nafcillin (resistant to penicillanse)
ampicillin/amoxicillin
ticarcillin/piperacillin (pseudomonas use)
cephalsporins (resistant)
aztreonam (monobactm resistant)
imipenem
vanycomycin (D-ala D-ala)
162
Q

30s subunit RNA bacterial inhibitors

A

aminoglycosides (inhibits initiation)

tetracyclines (prevents attachment of tRNA)

163
Q

50s subunit RNA bacterial inhibitors

A

macrolides (blocks translocation)
chloramphenicol (blocks peptidyltransferase)
clindamycin (blocks peptide transfer)

164
Q

Folic acid pathway inhibitors on bacteria

A

Sulfonamides (PABA analog)

TMP (inhibits dihydrofolate reductase)

165
Q

DNA inhibitors on bacteria

A

fluoroquinolones (DNA gyrase)

metronidazole (ROS damage DNA)

166
Q

Tx for vancomycin resistant enterococci

A

linezolid

streptogramins (quinupristin/dalfopristin)

167
Q

Antifungal meds

A

Amphotericin B (binds ergosterol)
Azoles (inhibits ergosterol synthesis)
Flucytosine (5-FU conversion)

168
Q

Tx for toxoplasmosis

A

pyrimethamine

169
Q

Tx for T brucei (sleeping sickness)

A

suramin (heme stage)

melarsoprol (CNS stage)

170
Q

Tx for T. cruzi (Chagas)

A

nifurtimox

171
Q

Tx for Leishmaniasis (volcano eruptions/visceral necrosis)

A

Na+ stibogluconate

172
Q

Tx for plasmodium

A

cholorquine-nonsevere
quinine/quinidine-severe
primaquine-hypnozoites (vivax/ovale)

173
Q

Tx for flukes (trematodes ie Schistosoma)

A

Praziquantel

174
Q

Tx for hemiliths

A

Mebendazole
pyrantel pamoate
ivermectin
diethylcarbamazine

175
Q

MOA of zanamivir/oseltamivir

A

inhibits influenza neuraminidase

for influenza A and B

176
Q

MOA of ribavirin

A

inhibits guanine nucleotide synthesis

177
Q

MOA of acyclovir

A

HSV/VZV thymidine kinase needed, inhibits DNA pol by guanosine analog
not for CMV

178
Q

MOA of ganciclovir

A

CMV viral kinase needed
Guanosine analog, inhibits DNA pol
for CMV

179
Q

MOA of foscarnet

A

DNA pol inhibitor

for CMV retinitis in AIDS pt

180
Q

MOA of HIV protease inhibitors

A

end in -navir
depend on HIV-1 protease (pol gene)
prevent maturation of viruses
Ritonavir boosts others

181
Q

MOA of NRTI’s in HIV

A

inhibit reverse transcriptase binding

182
Q

MOA of NNRTI’s in HIV

A

bind reverse transcriptase

183
Q

MOA of raltegravir

A

inhibits HIV intregration into host cell chromosome

inhibits HIV integrase

184
Q

Use of interferon alpha in disease

A

chronic Hep B/C

Kaposi’s sarcoma

185
Q

Use of interferon beta in disease

A

Multiple sclerosis

186
Q

Use of intereferon gamma in disease

A

NADPH oxidase deficiency

Undeleted (71 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions