Infectious Disease Flashcards
Indications for pneumovax
> 65yrs
asplenia
Sickle-Cell
Tx for hospitalized community acquired pneumonia
fluoroquinolone or ceftriaxone
plus macrolide
Tx for hospital acquired pneumonia
cefepime
imipenem
piperacillin/tazobactam
Tx for ventilator assc pneumonia
Combo of 3 drugs:
cefepime or piperacillin/tazobactam
aminoglycoside or fluoroquinolone
vancomycin or linezolid
Tx for TB
postive PPD tx with isoniazid 9 months
active TB tx with RIPE 2 months, INH and rifampin 4 months
Major cause of neonatal meningitis
group B strep
listeria second
Major cause of meningitis with immunocompromised
listeria
Prophylaxis for meningitis
rifampin or ceftriaxone
Bugs causing encephalitis (4)
HSV
West Nile (arboviruses)
polio
toxoplasmosis
Tx for cerebral edema
hyperventilation
osmotic diuresis (for ischemia)
steroids (for tumors)
Causes of LFTs >500 (3)
viral hepatitis
shock liver
drug induced hepatitis
Dx for botulism
toxin in serum/stool
Tx for botulism
antitoxin
Dx for UTI
nitrate (+) shows gram negative enterobacteria leukocyte esterase (+) shows pyuria
Tx for uncomplicated UTI
TMP-SMX
nitrofurantoin
fosfomycin
ciprofloxacin
Tx for UTI in pregnancy
ampicillin
amoxicillin
cephalosporin
Tx for pyelonephritis
TMP-SMX for gram (-) rods
amoxicillin for gram (+) cocci
complicated tx with ampicillin + gentamicin/ciprofloxacin
Tx for prostatitis
fluoroquinolone
Tx for gonorrhea
ceftriaxone
Most common STD and tx
chlamydia
tx=doxycycline or azithromycin
Disseminated gonococcal infection sx
fever
tenosynovitis
migratory polyarthritis/septic arthritis
rash on extremities
Tx for AIDS
2 NRTIs
1 PI or NNRTI
Tx for chanroid
azithromycin or ceftriaxone
Tx for lymphogranuloma venerum
doxycycline
Cause and tx of erysipelas
group A strep
tx=penicillin or erythromycin
Causes of necrotizing fascitis
strep pyogenes
C. perfringens
Tx for tetanus
diazepam for tetany
toxoid immunization and tetanus Igs
Dx of osteomyelitis
MRI is best
PET scan
x-ray will take 10 days to see
Infective arthritis causes
staph aureus most common
gonorrhea in sexually active adults
pseudomonas/salmonella in Sickle-Cell and IV drug users
Dx of acute infective arthritis
> 50,000 WBC on joint aspiration
Complications of Lyme’s disease (5)
encephalitis Bell's palsy AV block/pericarditis arthritis acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (purple spots on ext legs)
Tx for Lyme’s
doxycycline 21 days
amoxicillin/erythromycin for kids or pregnancy
Sx of Rocky Mt Spotted Fever (4)
myalgias
HA/photophobia
papular rash 5 days after fever (spreads in)
interstitial pneumonitis
Dx of RMSF
elevated LFTs
thrombocytopenia
Tx for RMSF
doxycycline
chloramphenicol for CNS sx or pregnancy
Prophylaxis for malaria
mefloquine
Incubation for rabies
30-90 days
Dx of rabies
Ab titers increase 4x
Negri bodies
PCR of RNA
Tx for rabies
passive and active immunizations
Sx of leptospirosis
elevated LFTs
vasculitis
renal/liver failure
Sx of ehrlichiosis
fever
rash
GI bleeding/renal problems
Sx of tularemia
ulcer at site of bite
painful LAN
HA/fever
Complication of chronic coxiella
endocarditis
Sx of bartonella
LAN
lymphadenitis
Dx of cryptococcus
LP
latex agglutinins in CSF
India Ink smear shows encapsulated yeast
Sx of blastomycosis
pneumonia
LAN
wart like lesions
arthralgia/myalgia
Sx of histoplasmosis
erythema nodosum
hepatosplenomegaly
flu sx
mediastinitis
Sx of cryptosporidium
chronic watery diarrhea in AIDS pts
Sx of amebiasis
bloody diarrhea
tenesmus
liver abscesses
Sx of schistomiosis mansoni
diarrhea
liver fibrosis/portalHTN
Causes of neutropenic fever (4)
bone marrow failure (chemo drugs)
bone marrow invasion
SLE/AIDS
isolated neutropenia from drugs
Complications of EBV (5)
hepatitis Guillian-Barre Bell's palsy splenic rupture thrombocytopenia
Sx of EBV (6)
high fever (104F) lymphadenopathy pharygneal exudate splenomegaly maculopapular rash palatal petechiae
