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Undeleted > Exam 1 micro > Flashcards

Exam 1 micro Flashcards

1
Q

Typical and atypical pneumonia on cheset xray

A

typical-lobar

atypical-interstitial

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2
Q

Most common pneumonia bacteria

A

strep pneumo

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3
Q

Pneumonia in unvaccinated children

A

H. influenza

also see otitis media

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4
Q

Encapsulated organisms (6)

A 
Some killers have pretty nice capsules
Strep pneumo
Klebsiella
H. flu
Pseudomonas
Neisseri meningitidis
Cryptococcus neoformans
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5
Q

Opzonization

A

IgG and C3b

increases phagocytosis 4000 fold

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6
Q

Reason for neutrophils in pneumonia

A

teichoic acid recruits via C5a

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7
Q

Use of auramine rhodamine stain

A

acid fast screening

needs confirmation with acid fast

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8
Q

CD4 count and opportunistic infections with AIDS

A

below 200 CD4 count

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9
Q

TB pathogenesis

A

inhaled, alveolar macrophages take up
inhibit lysosomal fusion, replicate in macrophage
Th1-> IFN alpha-> macrophage activation and granuloma formation
immune system causes damage, not TB

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10
Q

Cause of night sweats/cachexia for immune molecules

A

TNF alpha

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11
Q

Virulence factors of TB

A

cord factor inhibits WBC migration
tuberculin triggers cell mediated immunity
sulfatides prevent macrophage lysosomal fusion

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12
Q

Influenza’s virulence factors

A

hemagglutinen binds sialic acid on epithelium

neuroaminidase cleaves sialic acid/decreases mucus viscosity

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13
Q

Antigenic drift vs shift

A

drift-RNA pol causing mutations

shift-2 or more viruses form completely new virus

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14
Q

Cause of type I hypersensitivity

A

mast cell degranulation

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15
Q

Early asthma

A

involves mediators from mast cells/basophils

within minutes of exposure

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16
Q

Late asthma

A

leukocyte and cytokine mediated
IL4/IL5/TNFalpha/PAF involved
increased endothelial cell adhesion
chronic inflammation/tissue injury

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17
Q

Type III hypersensitivity

A

immune complexes deposited in tissues
activates complement
causes lumpy-bumpy bx of kidney

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18
Q

Type II hypersensitivity

A

tissue specific Abs to self
change in cell function or cytotoxic
linear/smooth bx of kidney

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19
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity

A

delayed
CD4 and cell mediated
macrophage and CTL activation
MS/Guillian Barre/Hasimotos/poison ivy

20
Q

Most common bacterial atypical pneumonia

A

mycoplasma

21
Q

Rhinovirus characteristics

A 
naked + RNA
labile in acidic pH
uses ICAM-1 receptor
most common cause of cold
replicates at 33 degrees C
22
Q

Coronavirus charge/genome/structure

A

enveloped
+ RNA
replicates at 33 degrees C

23
Q

Pathogenesis of rhinovirus infection

A

ICAM-1 receptor attachment
damage epithelium
bradykinin/histamine release

24
Q

Epiglottitis infection bugs

A

H flu. type B
S. pneumo
S. aureus
usually in kids

25
Q

Coxsackie A pharyngitis

A

naked virus
herpangina types A2-A6
fecal/oral transfer

26
Q

EBV pharyngitis

A

+ mononucleosis (splenomegaly)
in young adults/teens
exudative pharyngitis
fatigue/weakness

27
Q

CMV pharyngitis

A
  • mononucleosis

in older/sexually active pts

28
Q

Parotitis

A

from mumps virus
- RNA enveloped
swollen parotids (bull neck)
low grade fever/myalgia/headache

29
Q

Important complication of mumps

A

orchitis

sterility in post pubertal males

30
Q

Parainfluenza virus laryngitis

A

stridor (barking cough)
types 1 and 2 are major cause
Steeple sign on x-ray
syncytia can form

31
Q

Cause of most bronchitis

A

viral -> nonproductive cough

32
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus

A

bronchiole infection of children/infants
tx with ribavirin (inhibits nucleic acid synthesis)
ribavirin is teratogenic

33
Q

Difference b/t pneumonia and bronchitis

A

pneumonia has productive colored sputum with increased HR and fever/chills/SOB

34
Q

Influenza virus

A 
- segmented RNA enveloped virus
A is humans/animals
B and C are only humans
hemaglutinin and neuraminidase
M protein forms membrane channels
35
Q

Genetic shift with influenza

A

only type A

36
Q

Pathogenesis of influenza

A

causes increased fluid in lungs

drown in own fluid

37
Q

Vaccine for influenza

A

killed or live attenuated
killed for pregnancy/immunocompromised
4 strains from prior year

38
Q

Adenovirus

A

naked DNA
penton fibers attach and toxic to cells
pharyngoconjunctival fever/ARDS
serotypes 3,4,7 in live attenuated vaccine

39
Q

Measles virus

A
  • RNA enveloped
    HN and F proteins
    cough/coryza/conjunctivitis
    koplik spots/maculopapular rash
40
Q

Complications of measles

A

giant cell pneumonia
encephalitis
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

41
Q

Vaccine for measles

A

live attenuated

42
Q

Hantavirus

A

segmented - RNA enveloped
tropism for pulmonary capillary endothelial cells
found in US Southwest
from rodent feces

43
Q

Hantavirus sx phases

A

prodrome (fever/headache)
cardiopulmonary (dyspnea/pulmonary edema)
convalescent

44
Q

SARS

A

+ RNA enveloped coronavirus
Hong Kong/Toronto
from civet cats

45
Q

MERS

A

Middle East respiratory syndrome

from coronavirus

46
Q

SARS sx

A

flu like prodrome

lower respiratory tract

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