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BAMS > Respiration: Ventilation (V), Perfusion (Q) And VQ Relationship > Flashcards

Respiration: Ventilation (V), Perfusion (Q) And VQ Relationship Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of ventilation

A

Process by which air moves in and out of lung

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2
Q

Definition of perfusion

A

Process by which deoxygenated blood passes through the lung and becomes oxygenated

Major determinant of normal gas exchange and thus the level of PO2 and PCO2 in blood in the relationship between and perfusion

Relationship is called V/Q ratio

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3
Q

What is the relationship ventilation and perfusion

A

V/Q ratio

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4
Q

What is compliance

A

Compliance refers to how much effort is required to stretch the lungs and chest wall

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5
Q

What is high compliance

A

Means that the lungs and chest wall expand easily

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6
Q

Decreased compliance is a common feature in pulmonary conditions

A

1) scarring in lung tissue (tuberculosis)
2) lung filled with fluid (edema)
3) deficiency in surfactant production
4) destruction of elastic fibres (emphysema)

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7
Q

What is resistance

A

Resistance refers to any narrowing or obstruction of the airway that may reduce airflow

Large diameter airways have decreased resistance

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8
Q

Increased resistance is a common feature in pulmonary conditions such as

A

1) asthma
2) COPD due to obstruction or collapse of airways

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9
Q

What is anatomical dead space

A

Volume of gas during each breath that fills the conducting airways

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10
Q

What is a physiological dead space

A

Total volume of gas in each breath that does not participate in gas exchange eg alveoli that are perfused but not ventilated

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11
Q

What are the two blood supplies to the lungs

A
  • pulmonary circulation
  • bronchial circulation
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12
Q

What is the pulmonary circulation

A

Brings deoxygenated blood from heart to lung and oxygenated blood from lung to heart

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13
Q

What is bronchial circulation

A

Brings oxygenated blood to lung parenchyma

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14
Q

Describe the difference between the systemic circulation and the pulmonary circulation

A

Pulmonary circulation is a low pressure and low resistance system - influenced by gravity more than the systemic circulation is

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15
Q

What is the V/Q ratio

A

The ratio of ventilation to blood flow

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16
Q

What is the average V/Q relationship for the lung

A

0.8-1.2 - varies greatly

17
Q

What is the perfect V/Q ratio in single alveolus

A

V/Q = 1

18
Q

Describe anatomical shunts

A

Most anatomical shunts occur within the heart - blood from the right atrium or ventricle crosses septum to left atrium or ventricle - right to left shunt

19
Q

What can shunts result in

A

Varying degrees of hypoxemia

20
Q

What is atelectasis

A

Obstruction of ventilation due to mucus plugs, airway oedema, foreign bodies, tumours in airways

21
Q

What is COPD

A

A condition in which airflow is obstructed

Encompasses emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Long term smoking most frequent cause

22
Q

What is emphysema

A

Structures in alveoli over inflated, lungs loose elasticity therefore they can’t expand and take in air, patients can inhale but exhalation is difficult due to decreased elastic recoil

23
Q

What is chronic bronchitis

A

Inflammation of bronchi causing mucous production and excesssive swelling, shortness in breath with mild exertion

24
Q

What is pulmonary fibrosis

A

A type of interstital lung disease, scarring and thickening of tissue, decreased elasticity, decreased gas exchange

25
Q

What is a healthy lung volume

A

70% of lung volume expired in 1 second

26
Q

Why is there regional differences in ventilation and perfusion

A

Largely due to gravity

27
Q

If the alveolar sack is completely blocked by a shunt what will be the V/Q value

A

V/Q=0

28
Q

What is atrial hypoxemia

A

Arterial PO2 < 80mmHg

29
Q

What is hypoxia

A

When insufficient O2 to carry out metabolic functions - when arterial PO2 < 60mmHg

30
Q

What is hypercapnia

A

Increase in arterial PCO2> 40mmHg

31
Q

What is hypocapnia

A

Decrease in Arterial PCO2 < 35mmHg

BAMS (41 decks)

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