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BAMS > Gigival And Periodontal Disease > Flashcards

Gigival And Periodontal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is periodontology

A

The study of periodontal tissues in health and disease, including the causes, prevention and treatment of diseases of the periodontal tissues

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2
Q

What are the periodontal tissues

A
  • gingivae
  • periodontal ligament
  • root cementum
  • alveolar bone
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3
Q

What is the cementoenamel junction

A

Where the enamel meets the cementum and dentine at the root at this level we have junctional epithelium

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4
Q

What is the sulcus

A

Sulcus area between the free gingiva and surface enamel

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5
Q

What does the inflammation in periodontitis destroy

A

Soft tissue and the bone

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6
Q

What is periodontal heath the result of

A

The outcome of the balance between bacteria of the dental plaque and the host immune system

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7
Q

What would periodontal disease show in an X-ray

A

Bone re absorption, the gingiva wont cover the bone, dentine is exposed to the oral cavity

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8
Q

What is periodontal disease defined as

A

A group of diseases affecting the periodontal tissues, representing an immune reaction (innate and adaptive) to adjacent microbial plaque

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9
Q

What is periodontitis a progression of

A

A progression of gingivitis

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10
Q

What is the definition of inflammation

A

Biological response to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Inflammation is a protective attempt by the organism to remove the injurious stimuli and to initiate the healing process

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11
Q

What are signs of inflammation

A
  • pain
  • heat
  • redness
  • swelling
  • loss of function
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12
Q

What is the problem with diagnosis of periodontitis

A

No sudden symptoms, therefore may not be detected early enough to treat, people can live with this

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13
Q

What contributes to periodontal disease

A
  • general stress
  • additional pathological conditions
  • function of the immune system
  • genetics
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14
Q

What are some highest risk factors for periodontitis

A
  • diabetes
  • smoking ect
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15
Q

What are local risk factors of periodontal disease

A

risk factors in the mouth

  • acquired - plaque, calculus, overhanging and poorly contoured restorations
  • anatomical - malpositioned teeth, root groves, con cavities and furcation, enamel pearls
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16
Q

What are the systematic risk factors

A
  • non modifiable - aging, genetic factors
  • modifiable - smoking, poorly controlled diabetes, stress, medications, hormonal changes, poor nutrition, socioeconomic status
17
Q

What the current theory of periodontitis

A

Keystone - pathogen hypothesis

Accumulation of plaque changes to anaerobic bacteria which is more harmful for the oral cavity

18
Q

What does the severity of periodontitis depend on

A

1) number of bacteria
2) virulence of bacteria
3) formation of the biofilm

19
Q

What is a biofilm

A

A biofilm is an aggregate of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each other on a surface. These adherent cells are embedded within a self produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) - DNA, proteins, polysacharyde

20
Q

Where may biofilms form

A

They may form on living or non living surfaces and can be prevalent in natural, industrial and hospital settings : Biofilms can form inside water and sewage pipes

21
Q

What can dental plaque be classed as

A

A type of biofilm

22
Q

Describe the formation of biofilm

A
  • pellicle (proteins and glicoproteins of saliva - a few minutes to form)
  • association, adhesion - trailblazing bacteria - streptococcus, actinomyces - posses adhesion molecules
  • growth - microcolonies - production of polysaccharid matrix
  • mature biofilm microcolonies transition into metabolic complexes
23
Q

What can trailblazing in biofilm formation cause

A

Trailblazing can start a colony, other bacteria can join this, association, adhesion formation of a biofilm on the teeth which will form dental calculus as calcium is associated with this at a certain time

24
Q

What is keystone bacteria

A

Certain low abundance microbial pathogens can cause inflammatory disease by increasing the quality of the normal microbiota and by changing its composition and by interfering with the host immune system

25
Q

What does P gingivalis cause

A

A prominent component of oral microorganism communities, it is the main pathogen that causes periodontitis

26
Q

What are the symptoms of periodontitis

A
  • bleeding on brushing
  • bad breath and taste
  • sensitivity
  • drifting teeth
  • mobility
  • discomfort
27
Q

Signs in clinical examination of periodontitis

A
  • bleeding on gentle probing
  • erythema, fibrosis, swelling
  • bone loss
  • mobility
  • purulence
28
Q

What is a false pocket

A

Gingival swelling

29
Q

What is a true pocket

A

Loss of attachment

BAMS (41 decks)

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