Defence Cells Flashcards
What are cells of a myeloid origin
- neutrophils
- macrophages
- mast cells
- eosinophils and basophils
What are dendritic cell origin
Can be myeloid or lymphoid
What cells are of lymphoid origin
- T cells
- B cells
- Natural Killer Cells and innate lymphoid cells
What is dental plaque build up called
Microbial dysbiosis
What are innate immune cells
Monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
What are monocytes and macrophages
Defence cells that in blood as precursors called monocytes, migrate into tissues and differentiate into macrophages
What are mast cells
Granulocytes, early responders to infection, best known for role in allergy
What is a neutrophil
Phagocytic granulocytes
What are basophils and eonsinophils
Granulocytes, less abundant than neutrophils
What is the lineage of dendritic cells
Derived from myeloid and lymphoid linage
What is the main role of dendritic cells
Antigen presentation
Describe memory generation in dendritic cells
- immature dendritic cells take up and process antigen in the epidermis
- once taken up antigen they migrate to lymph nodes and differentiate along the way
- mature dendritic cells have co stimulators activity and can prime naive T cells
- they can also transfer antigen to other dendritic cells
Describe natural killer cells
- large cells with granules
- considered part of the innate immunity
Describe T cells
T cells give rise to the cellular immunity
What are T helper cells
CD4+ function to help support other immune cells to fight threats
What are cytotoxic T cells
CD8+ destroy our own cells which have become infected (usually virus related)
What are regulatory T cells (Tregs)
Regulate or suppress other cells in the immune cells
What is the function of CD8+ T cells
Destroy infected self cells
What is the function of CD4+ T cells
They start life as a naive T cell
What is the function of TH1 cells
Support macrophages to destroy Intracellular microbes
What are TH2 cells
Produce cytokines which recruit and activate mast cells, eosinophils, and promote barrier immunity at mucosal surfaces
What are TH17 cells
Secrete IL17 family cytokines that induce local non-professional immune calls to release cytokines and chemokines
What do TFH cells do
Induce specific B cell responses
What do treg cells do
Suppress T cell activity to prevent autoimmunity
What are granules
Contain degradation enzymes and Antimicrobial substances
What is the main function of dendritic cells
Antigen presentation to T cells
What is the role of immature dendritic cells
They take up and process the antigen in the epidermis
What are the types of innate lymphoid cells
ILC1, ILC2, ILC3
What are ILCs
Non cytotoxic members of the NK cell family
What origin are innate lymphoid cells
Lymphoid origin
What origin are neutrophils
Myeloid
What origin are macrophages
Myeloid
What origin are eosinophils and basophils
Myeloid
Where do T cells mature
The thymus
How do T cells recognise peptides
Through the T cell receptor
What does diversity in the T cell receptors mean
The T cells can respond to numerous antigens
What are the 3 main types of T cells
- t helper cells (CD4+)
- cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)
- regulatory T cells (tregs)
All T cells start as
Naive cells and have receptors for very specific proteins
What is the main aim of CD8+
Destroy infected self cells
What are the three signals that are required for activation and determining the fate of T cells
1) MHC-TCR interaction
2) co-stimulatory molecules interactions
3) signal dictates what T helper cell the naive cell becomes
What is the main role of B cells
Produce antibodies
What are the two main types of B cell
Plasma cells and memory B cells
Name the phagocytic cells
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Tissue Dendritic cells
Mast cells
What are the professional antigen presenting cells
- macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells
What cells fight parasitic infection
- eosinophils and basophils
What cells are involved in allergic responses
Basophils and mast cells
What are the cells of the adaptive immune system
T and B lymphocytes
What cells are inbetween adaptive and innate
DCs, NK cells and ILCs
