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BAMS > Defence Cells > Flashcards

Defence Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are cells of a myeloid origin

A
  • neutrophils
  • macrophages
  • mast cells
  • eosinophils and basophils
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2
Q

What are dendritic cell origin

A

Can be myeloid or lymphoid

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3
Q

What cells are of lymphoid origin

A
  • T cells
  • B cells
  • Natural Killer Cells and innate lymphoid cells
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4
Q

What is dental plaque build up called

A

Microbial dysbiosis

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5
Q

What are innate immune cells

A

Monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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6
Q

What are monocytes and macrophages

A

Defence cells that in blood as precursors called monocytes, migrate into tissues and differentiate into macrophages

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7
Q

What are mast cells

A

Granulocytes, early responders to infection, best known for role in allergy

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8
Q

What is a neutrophil

A

Phagocytic granulocytes

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9
Q

What are basophils and eonsinophils

A

Granulocytes, less abundant than neutrophils

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10
Q

What is the lineage of dendritic cells

A

Derived from myeloid and lymphoid linage

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11
Q

What is the main role of dendritic cells

A

Antigen presentation

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12
Q

Describe memory generation in dendritic cells

A
  • immature dendritic cells take up and process antigen in the epidermis
  • once taken up antigen they migrate to lymph nodes and differentiate along the way
  • mature dendritic cells have co stimulators activity and can prime naive T cells
  • they can also transfer antigen to other dendritic cells
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13
Q

Describe natural killer cells

A
  • large cells with granules
  • considered part of the innate immunity
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14
Q

Describe T cells

A

T cells give rise to the cellular immunity

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15
Q

What are T helper cells

A

CD4+ function to help support other immune cells to fight threats

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16
Q

What are cytotoxic T cells

A

CD8+ destroy our own cells which have become infected (usually virus related)

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17
Q

What are regulatory T cells (Tregs)

A

Regulate or suppress other cells in the immune cells

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18
Q

What is the function of CD8+ T cells

A

Destroy infected self cells

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19
Q

What is the function of CD4+ T cells

A

They start life as a naive T cell

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20
Q

What is the function of TH1 cells

A

Support macrophages to destroy Intracellular microbes

21
Q

What are TH2 cells

A

Produce cytokines which recruit and activate mast cells, eosinophils, and promote barrier immunity at mucosal surfaces

22
Q

What are TH17 cells

A

Secrete IL17 family cytokines that induce local non-professional immune calls to release cytokines and chemokines

23
Q

What do TFH cells do

A

Induce specific B cell responses

24
Q

What do treg cells do

A

Suppress T cell activity to prevent autoimmunity

25
Q

What are granules

A

Contain degradation enzymes and Antimicrobial substances

26
Q

What is the main function of dendritic cells

A

Antigen presentation to T cells

27
Q

What is the role of immature dendritic cells

A

They take up and process the antigen in the epidermis

28
Q

What are the types of innate lymphoid cells

A

ILC1, ILC2, ILC3

29
Q

What are ILCs

A

Non cytotoxic members of the NK cell family

30
Q

What origin are innate lymphoid cells

A

Lymphoid origin

31
Q

What origin are neutrophils

A

Myeloid

32
Q

What origin are macrophages

A

Myeloid

33
Q

What origin are eosinophils and basophils

A

Myeloid

34
Q

Where do T cells mature

A

The thymus

35
Q

How do T cells recognise peptides

A

Through the T cell receptor

36
Q

What does diversity in the T cell receptors mean

A

The T cells can respond to numerous antigens

37
Q

What are the 3 main types of T cells

A
  • t helper cells (CD4+)
  • cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)
  • regulatory T cells (tregs)
38
Q

All T cells start as

A

Naive cells and have receptors for very specific proteins

39
Q

What is the main aim of CD8+

A

Destroy infected self cells

40
Q

What are the three signals that are required for activation and determining the fate of T cells

A

1) MHC-TCR interaction
2) co-stimulatory molecules interactions
3) signal dictates what T helper cell the naive cell becomes

41
Q

What is the main role of B cells

A

Produce antibodies

42
Q

What are the two main types of B cell

A

Plasma cells and memory B cells

43
Q

Name the phagocytic cells

A

Neutrophils
Macrophages
Tissue Dendritic cells
Mast cells

44
Q

What are the professional antigen presenting cells

A
  • macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells
45
Q

What cells fight parasitic infection

A
  • eosinophils and basophils
46
Q

What cells are involved in allergic responses

A

Basophils and mast cells

47
Q

What are the cells of the adaptive immune system

A

T and B lymphocytes

48
Q

What cells are inbetween adaptive and innate

A

DCs, NK cells and ILCs

BAMS (41 decks)

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