Inate Immunity I Flashcards
What are the 5 disease causing agents
- bacteria
- fungi
- viruses
- Protozoa
- helminths
When does the innate immune response happen
1-4 days
Pathogens destroyed quickly
What is the function of epithelium in innate immunity
Forms a physical barrier
- produces Antimicrobial peptides
- produces cytokines/chemokines
What is the role of innate cell subsets and complement in innate immunity
- produces phagocytic cells (macrophages and neutrophils)
- antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells)
What are the roles of chemokines and cytokines in the innate immune response
Chemokine - cell recruitment
Cytokine - cell activation/proliferation
Give some examples of what the epithelium produces to assist innate immunity
Antimicrobial peptides
IgAs
Lactoferrin
Lyzosome
Cystatins
What is the role of Antimicrobial peptides
Destroy pathogens
What is the role of IgAs in innate immunity
- binds to flagella and can prevent microorganisms binding, neutralises microorganisms that do bone
- traps microorganisms
- prevents the attachment of bacteria to mucosal surfaces
What are the functions of Antimicrobial peptides
- kill microbes (cell lysis)
- modulate immune response, neutralise microbial virulence factors
What is the role of lactoferrin
Transport of iron ions but has Antimicrobial activity, present in saliva, produced by neutrophils
What is the function of cystatins
Anti protease activity, supports remineralisation
Why are TLR2 and TLR4 important in the oral cavity
They are increased in expression in gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis
Toll like receptors are responsible for…
Bacterial and viral recognition
Dectin and glucan receptors are responsible for
Fungal recognition
NOD like receptors are responsible for
Bacterial recognition
Protease activated receptors are responsible for
Microbial and allergen reaction
What are the main roles of innate immune receptors
- promote phagocytosis
- immune cell activation
How do cytokines effect T cells
They are important in the differentiation of naive T cells into T helper cells
Basically tell T cells what to become
What are cytokines
Small proteins
Different families - interleukin family, TNF, interferons, unassigned
What are the functions of cytokines
- autocrine - alter behaviour of cell from which they were secreted
- paracrine - alter nearby cell
- endocrine - enter circulations and alter behaviour of distant cells
What is the role of chemokines
Small signalling molecules, they tell cells where to go and what to do
What chemokine is important in oral mucosa
IL8
