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BAMS > Reflexes > Flashcards

Reflexes Flashcards

1
Q

What are reflexes

A

Involuntary actions

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2
Q

What about reflexes mean they have a short latency

A

Single synapse

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3
Q

What are motor neurons activated by

A
  • various brain reflexes
  • various peripheral receptors
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4
Q

Where can motor cell bodies

A

Ventral horn of the spinal cord or in cranial nerve nuclei

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5
Q

Describe muscle spindles

A
  • sensory endings wrapped around the intrafusal fibres
  • when the muscles contract the muscle spindles relax
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6
Q

How many synapses are the ventral horn

A

Only one synaptic transmission in the ventral horn

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7
Q

What are some components of the reflex pathway

A
  • stimulus
  • receptor activation (mechanoreceptor)
  • stimulus transduction AP conduction along sensory axon (A alpha)
  • synaptic transmission
  • motor neuron recruitment AP conduction along motor axon
  • synaptic transmission (effector recruitment)
  • response
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8
Q

What are the different jerk reflexes

A
  • biceps jerk reflex
  • ankle jerk reflex
  • tricep jerk reflex
  • rectus abdominus reflex
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9
Q

Describe the jaw jerk reflex

A
  • hammer tap to the chin
  • stretches spindles of jaw elevator muscles (Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid)
  • action potentials conducted along group 1a muscle afferents to the brainstem (Aalpha)
  • monosynaptic activation of motor neurons jaw elevator muscles
  • action potentials travel along motor axon
  • jaw muscles contract
  • jaw jerks upwards, mouth closes
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10
Q

What is the ankle jerk reflex

A
  • hammer tap to Achilles’ tendon
  • stretches spindles within gastrocnemius
  • action potentials conducted along 1a muscle afferents
  • monosynaptic activates neurons of gastrocnemius muscle
  • axon potentials
  • gastrocnemius muscle contracts
  • foot extends (plantar extension)
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11
Q

What is the latency of the response

A

Time between stimulus and response

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12
Q

What latency is shorter, jaw jerk or ankle reflex?

A

The latency for the jaw jerk is less than that for the ankle jerk reflex

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13
Q

Why is the latency for the jaw jerk less than that for the ankle jerk reflex

A

Because the neural pathway for the jaw jerk is less than that for the ankle jerk reflex

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14
Q

Is the amplitude more for the jaw jerk reflex or for the ankle jerk reflex

A

The amplitude for jaw jerk is less than that for the ankle jerk reflex

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15
Q

Why is the amplitude bigger jaw jerk and the ankle jerk reflex

A

The masseter is a smaller muscle than gastrocnemius, recruitment of muscle fibres in masseter less than for gastrocnemius

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16
Q

What are the somatic reflexes receptors

A

Propnoiceptor endings, group la muscle fibres, homozygous motor neurons

Maintenance of posture and muscle tone

17
Q

What are the somatic reflexes functions

A
  • escape mechanism
  • prevention of muscle overloading
  • prevention of inadvertent ingestion of a foreign body
  • digestive aid
18
Q

What is the flexation withdrawal reflex

A
  • inhibition of motor neuron activation
  • inverse myotactic reflex (inverse stretch reflex)
  • prevents over loading of muscle
19
Q

What is bite force controlled by

A

Loading of the periodontal ligament

20
Q

What does anaesthesia of molars do to bite force

A

Increases bite force

21
Q

What is the activation of the pharyngeal reflex

A

Mechanoreceptor afferent from the posterior part of the tongue/ soft palate

22
Q

The pharyngeal reflex involves the stimulation of what fibres

A

Stimulation of sensory fibres from the glossopharyngeal nerve and/or the Trigeminal nerve

23
Q

Where do the afferents of the pharyngeal reflex

A

Afferents terminate in the brainstem

24
Q

Where do the inter neurons in the pharyngeal reflex project from

A

The Spvn to nucleus ambigus (X motor neurons)

X afferents then terminate innervate muscles

25
Q

What are the stimuli for salivary reflexes

A

Gustatory (taste), visual, olfactory, chewing

26
Q

What is the outcome of salivary reflexes

A

BAMS (41 decks)

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