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BAMS > Nutrition 5 > Flashcards

Nutrition 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are vitamins

A

Vitamins are a group of chemically unrelated organic compounds, they are found in minute quantities in food

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2
Q

What are the 13 vitamins that are essential for the regulation of body processes

A

A,B,C,D,E,K

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3
Q

What vitamins can we make

A

Vitamin D, vitamin K and some B vitamins

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4
Q

Where are vitamin B and K synthesised

A

Synthesised by the gut flora

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5
Q

What vitamins are fat soluble

A

A, D, E, K

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6
Q

What vitamins are water soluble

A

Vitamin C and B

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7
Q

Describe water soluble vitamins

A

Absorbed directly into the blood stream generally not harmful because they are secreted out of the body, prone to leaching from food because they are sensitive to heat

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8
Q

What factors influence the utilisation of vitamins

A
  • availability
  • anti vitamins
  • pro vitamins
  • biosynthesis by gut flora
  • interstinal disease
  • interactions of nutrients
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9
Q

What are beta carotenes converted to

A

Vitamin A

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10
Q

What can being coeliac impact

A

Intrinsic factor and vitamin B12 deficiency

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11
Q

How many essential minerals are there

A

15-16 that are known to be essential

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12
Q

What are major minerals

A
  • iron
  • calcium
  • zinc
  • magnesium
  • sodium
  • chloride
  • potassium
  • phosphorus

Needed in bigger amounts

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13
Q

What are trace elements

A

Minerals needed in a smaller amount

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14
Q

What are the main functions of essential minerals

A

1) consistent of bones and teeth
2) formation soluble salts which help control composition of body fluids
3) essential components of many enzymes and other proteins, necessary for release and use of energy

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15
Q

What minerals are soluble in water

A

Sodium and potassium therefore readily absorbed

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16
Q

What minerals are insoluble in water

A

Fe and Zn

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17
Q

What do you need to think about when obtaining minerals

A

Food ingredients, form of nutrients, interactions with other nutrients

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18
Q

What minerals are very deficient in the general population

A

Iron and iodine are deficient in widespread populations

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19
Q

Why is iodine important in pregnancy

A

Effects the development of the brain

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20
Q

What are the two groups of compounds that vitamin A is found in

A

Preformed vitamin A and provitamin A

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21
Q

Where can beta carotene be found

A

Plants, vegetables

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22
Q

What are the functions of vitamin A

A
  • growth and normal development
  • vision
  • regulation of gene expression
  • antioxidant
  • immunity
  • red blood cell production
  • cell differentiation
  • tooth development, oral epithelial development
23
Q

Why is vitamin A important in dentistry

A

Tooth development, oral epithelial development

24
Q

Where is vitamin A usually found

A

Preformed vitamin A absorbed as retinol is found in liver, fatty fish, eggs, whole milk, cheese and butter

25
Q

What can a vitamin A deficiency cause in dentistry

A
  • associated with decreased oral epithelial tissue development, impaired tooth formation, enamel hypoplasia, and presence of periodontitis
26
Q

How much vitamin A can be toxic

A

More than 200mg can vomiting ect

27
Q

How much vitamin A will cause chronic toxic effects

A

10mg per day for one month or more can cause bone and muscle pain severe effects ect

28
Q

What is the function of B vitamins

A

-essential for cell metabolic activities eg in many enzymes
- release energy from carbs and fats
- catalyse formation of red blood cells
- protein and amino acid metabolism

Usually work together, problem in one B vitamin usually problems in others

29
Q

What can B vitamin deficiency cause

A

Neurodegenerative and inherited metabolic disorders

30
Q

What can deficiency of niacin cause

A

Pellagra (dementia, dermatitis and diarrhoeas)

31
Q

What are the functions of vitamin C

A

Vitamin C is best known as an antioxidant

32
Q

What can a deficiency in vitamin B6 cause

A

Recurrent mouth ulcers, halitosis, severe gingivitis, soreness and discolouration of the tongue and cheilitis

33
Q

What is folate important for in pregnancy

A

May decrease risk of neural tube defects in pregnancy, therefore woman should increase this in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy

34
Q

What can vitamin B12 deficiency cause

A

Associated with glossitis, aphthous stomatitis, atrophy of the lingual papillae, burning and redness of the tongue,angular stomatitis, dysphagia, and pallor of the oral tissues

35
Q

What can vitamin C deficiency lead to

A

Scurvy

36
Q

What is the function of vitamin D

A
  • calcium absorption
  • repair and formation of bone
  • cell differentiation
  • immunity
  • promotes cell maturation in the small intestine
  • insulin secretion
37
Q

What vitamin is important in collagen synthesis

A

Vitamin C

38
Q

What are some other functions of vitamin C

A
  • required for synthesis of noradrenaline
  • required for synthesis of carnitine
  • required for synthesis of various peptide hormones and hormone releasing
  • required for synthesis of bile acid
39
Q

What can a vitamin C deficiency cause in the oral cavity

A
  • bleeding from gums, teeth fall out
40
Q

What are some functions of vitamin D

A
  • promotion of calcium absorption
  • repair and formation of bone
  • cell differentiation
  • immunity
  • promotes cell maturation in small intestine
  • insulin secretion
41
Q

How much vitamin D should children have

A

10 micro grams a day roughly

42
Q

What can vitamin D deficiency cause in the oral cavity

A

Hypoplasia in teeth - lack of enamel calcification

43
Q

What can a vitamin D deficiency cause in children

A

Rickets in children

44
Q

What is the most toxic vitamin if taken in high doses

A

Vitamin D

45
Q

What is the function of vitamin E

A

It is a powerful antioxidant, it is essential in protecting cell components

46
Q

What does vitamin E prevent

A

Lipid periodisation, which can cause destruction of the cell membrane

47
Q

What are some sources of vitamin E

A

High amounts of foods rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, vegetable oils, nuts and seeds

48
Q

What is vitamin K needed for

A

Blood clotting

49
Q

What is calcium’s role in the body

A

Bone and teeth structure, contraction for muscles, cell signalling ect

50
Q

At what age is peak bone mass reached

A

30-35 years old

51
Q

How much calcium is absorbed

A

10-30% dietary calcium absorbed

52
Q

What is the function of zinc in the body

A

Essential mineral in the diet, zinc enzymes required for synthesis of DNA and RNA which is essential for growth and development, needed for the antioxidant enzyme

53
Q

What does deficiency of zinc cause

A

Growth retardation, sexual and skeletal immaturatity ect

BAMS (41 decks)

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