Respiration Mecahnisms Flashcards
What is tissue respiration
The aerobic metabolism in cells
What is breathing
Gas exchange and the associated processes
What is the function of the lungs
It is the job of the lungs to bring in fresh air rich in oxygen needed to fuel the body
AND
To expel the waste gas
Breathing maintains
The blood gas homeostasis
At rest what is the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide
At rest PO2 = 100mmHg PCO2 = 40mmHg
What is the gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide when walking 3mph
800mlO2 and 750mlCO2
What is the function of the upper airways
- humidify (saturate with water)
- warm (to body temp)
- filter
What type of epithelium lines the respiratory tract
- pseudostartisfied Ciliated columnar epithelium
Cilia sweep mucus towards and out of the mouth
What is ventilation at rest
6/7L/min- 12/15 breaths of ~ 500ml
What is the max ventilation
160L/min ~ 40 breaths of 4L
What is the cardiac output at rest
5L/min, 70ml/beat
What is max cardiac output
25L/min 200bpm 125ml/beat
Describe inspiration during quiet breathing
Active, diaphragm contracts downwards pushing abdominal contents outwards, external intercostals
Describe expiration in quiet breathing
Passive, elastic recoil
Describe inspiration during strenuous breathing
Inspiration - active
Greater contraction of the diaphragm (1cm quiet breathing up to 10cm during strenuous) and external intercostals
Describe expiration during strenuous exercise
Active, abdominal muscles. Internal intercostal muscles oppose external intercostals by pushing ribs down and inwards
Name some muscles of inspiration
- diaphragm
- Sternocleidomastoid
- scalnus
- parasternal intercaltilaginous
- external intercostals
What are the muscles of expiration
- internal intercostals
- abdominal muscles
- rectus abdominus
- external oblique
- internal oblique
- transversest abdominus
What is alveolar pressure at the beginning of inspiration
0 no flow
What is functional residual capacity
The volume of air in the lung at the end of inspiration during quiet breathing
What happens to FRC during neuromuscular disease
FRC decreases because the chest walls are weak meaning the lung elastic recoil is greater
What is Inspiratory capacity
Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume
What is vital capacity
Big deep breath in lungs hit maximal capacity, then a deep breath out to the point where no more air can be pushed out of the lung, still some air left in. The lungs which is the residual volume
What is the residual volume
The air left in the lungs after a breath out
Why is higher intensity breathing less efficient
Higher intensity breathing is less efficient, gas flow is turbulent and it uses more muscles
What is a big factor in development of respiratory failure
Respiratory muscle fatigue
