Respiration Mecahnisms

Question 1

What is tissue respiration

Answer 1

The aerobic metabolism in cells

Question 2

What is breathing

Answer 2

Gas exchange and the associated processes

Question 3

What is the function of the lungs

Answer 3

It is the job of the lungs to bring in fresh air rich in oxygen needed to fuel the body
AND
To expel the waste gas

Question 4

Breathing maintains

Answer 4

The blood gas homeostasis

Question 5

At rest what is the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer 5

At rest PO2 = 100mmHg PCO2 = 40mmHg

Question 6

What is the gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide when walking 3mph

Answer 6

800mlO2 and 750mlCO2

Question 7

What is the function of the upper airways

Answer 7

• humidify (saturate with water)
• warm (to body temp)
• filter

Question 8

What type of epithelium lines the respiratory tract

Answer 8

• pseudostartisfied Ciliated columnar epithelium
  Cilia sweep mucus towards and out of the mouth

Question 9

What is ventilation at rest

Answer 9

6/7L/min- 12/15 breaths of ~ 500ml

Question 10

What is the max ventilation

Answer 10

160L/min ~ 40 breaths of 4L

Question 11

What is the cardiac output at rest

Answer 11

5L/min, 70ml/beat

Question 12

What is max cardiac output

Answer 12

25L/min 200bpm 125ml/beat

Question 13

Describe inspiration during quiet breathing

Answer 13

Active, diaphragm contracts downwards pushing abdominal contents outwards, external intercostals

Question 14

Describe expiration in quiet breathing

Answer 14

Passive, elastic recoil

Question 15

Describe inspiration during strenuous breathing

Answer 15

Inspiration - active
Greater contraction of the diaphragm (1cm quiet breathing up to 10cm during strenuous) and external intercostals

Question 16

Describe expiration during strenuous exercise

Answer 16

Active, abdominal muscles. Internal intercostal muscles oppose external intercostals by pushing ribs down and inwards

Question 17

Name some muscles of inspiration

Answer 17

• diaphragm
• Sternocleidomastoid
• scalnus
• parasternal intercaltilaginous
• external intercostals

Question 18

What are the muscles of expiration

Answer 18

• internal intercostals
• abdominal muscles
• rectus abdominus
• external oblique
• internal oblique
• transversest abdominus

Question 19

What is alveolar pressure at the beginning of inspiration

Answer 19

0 no flow

Question 20

What is functional residual capacity

Answer 20

The volume of air in the lung at the end of inspiration during quiet breathing

Question 21

What happens to FRC during neuromuscular disease

Answer 21

FRC decreases because the chest walls are weak meaning the lung elastic recoil is greater

Question 22

What is Inspiratory capacity

Answer 22

Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume

Question 23

What is vital capacity

Answer 23

Big deep breath in lungs hit maximal capacity, then a deep breath out to the point where no more air can be pushed out of the lung, still some air left in. The lungs which is the residual volume

Question 24

What is the residual volume

Answer 24

The air left in the lungs after a breath out

Question 25

Why is higher intensity breathing less efficient

Answer 25

Higher intensity breathing is less efficient, gas flow is turbulent and it uses more muscles

Question 26

What is a big factor in development of respiratory failure

Answer 26

Respiratory muscle fatigue